Sharon Construction Corporation - Case Analysis Essay

Sharon Construction Corporation - Case Analysis - Essay Example The project has been outlined to run for 48weeks with an allowance of 4weeks in case any problems arise. However the company is faced with some unusual problems. There is the prospect of a workers strike to begin on 30th November that will run for eight to twelve weeks on a probability estimate of 70:30 of the period the strike will last. The cold season starting in December presents another major challenge for this project. The concrete cannot be poured during this month therefore amounting to delays. To overcome these problems, suggestions have been put forth that are likely to add to the costs of the whole project or otherwise delay the process till January, when the weather is favorable. Any week delayed will amount to an overhead cost of $500 and any special heating required during concrete pouring will cost up to $500 depending on the temperature conditions. Possible problems An analysis of the project shows that delay issues will cost the company $15,000 per week. The workerâ €™s strike is one of the cited problems likely to set back the company on the time line given. The strike has a fifty: fifty chance of occurring hence cannot be ignored. Furthermore it is likely to last for eight to twelve weeks. ... The pouring of seats process is scheduled in December. The weather has been predicted to be cold and thus may amount to extra costs of $500 per week to bring in a heat system. However, this stage runs for two weeks therefore it can be delayed until the cold weather clears. The work can then be resumed since it is in the final stages of the project. The delay would amount to four weeks delay of $60,000 plus overhead costs of $2000 if the month of December is scrapped in this schedule. Major Problem The major problem posed by this project is the delay issue. The cost amounting from any delay have been analysed by each problem cited. Nonetheless it is important to note that the two problems are highly likely to occur at the same period of time. They are anticipated to begin in December. The weather issues can be resolved but the labourers strike issue has to be resolved. Processes like concrete pouring cannot be highly affected as it takes ample time to dry. The analysis of the project shows the process that require a great amount of labour hence the company can take advantage. It is important to shorten the period of work before December sets in. This can be achieved by adding the number of labourers for work that is labour intensive or expedite the process with highly equipped machinery. The project has to be cut back by at least six to eight weeks in order to sustain the goals of completion on time and/or earn projected profits. Analysis of proposals 1. The first proposal is to expedite pouring of seat galleries at an extra cost of $20,000 and reduce the duration of this activity by six weeks. This is worthwhile since it is in the goal of buying more time for the whole project. 2. Deploying a double shift for field filling will buy five weeks period at an

Homosexuality in the Christian Church Essay Example for Free

Homosexuality in the Christian Church Essay Homosexuality is defined as consistent fantasy, interest and arousal toward a person of the same sex. Disagreement exists about the explanation of homosexuality. On the other hand, evidence supports the fact that homosexuality has existed throughout the history of humankind and is not just a development of the 20th century. Early psychoanalytic theory concluded that homosexuality developed from conflicts derived from early developmental disturbances. Investigators more in recent times have explored neuroendocrine explanations as a cause of homosexual development. The results of these studies have been controversial. On the other hand, a lot of experts believe that sexual orientation, whether heterosexual or homosexual, is the consequence of a multifaceted interface flanked by anatomic and hormonal influences during fetal growth. As investigators attempt to reply the question of etiology, others have worked to further define the incidence of homosexuality. Cognitive and communal expansion throughout adolescence is an intricate progression characterized by the acquisition of a sense of self-separate from family, a sexual independence, the capacity for intimacy and the ability to be autonomous. (The Christian Science Monitor) For those young people who grow a homosexual orientation in a society based on heterosexuality, the changeover all the way through adolescence is expanded and expressed to some extent in a different way throughout the stage of acquiring a sexual uniqueness. Interviews with gay and lesbian youth specify a general pattern in which an adolescent accepts his or her own homosexuality. It is the sexual orientation toward people of the same sex. Homosexuality contrasts with heterosexuality, sexual orientation toward people of the opposite sex. People with a sexual orientation toward members of both sexes are called bisexuals. Female homosexuals are often called lesbians. In modern years, the word gay has been applied to both homosexual men and women. Homosexuality appears in almost all societal contexts within unlike community settings, socioeconomic levels, and cultural and dutiful groups. The number of homosexuals in the inhabitants is not easy to find out, and dependable data do not subsist. Nevertheless, current estimates propose that the term homosexual may relate to 2 to 4 percent of men. Estimates for lesbians are lesser. Not all people who slot in homosexual commotion essentially classify themselves as homosexual. (Zgourides, G. ) The move toward greater unity among Protestant denominations has continued in the 21st century; however, within denominations there is still conflict between conservatives and moderates or liberals. One for the most part divisive issue is homosexuality. Denominations debate whether to ordain practicing homosexuals and whether to bar clergy from performing same-sex marriage ceremonies. Some churches condemn all homosexual activity, while others refuse to do so. Consequently, according to the same religious law that many of them use when religiously citing the gay and lesbian community, countless, reputable Christian leaders today, especially within African America, are in a word adulterers. However, you will not readily read of religious leaders publicly denouncing the social and spiritual validity of their fellow divorced clergy who have married more than once, like you will their `cry loud and spare not public cries relating to gay and lesbians desiring the equal choice and right to marry only once. There exists no evidence that suggests Jesus ever discussed same-sex anything, publicly or privately, during his ministry. However, Christ, the bedrock of modern-day Christianity, did publicly condemn religious leaders of his age for granting bills of divorcement. However, wading through all the hype in the media these days one might just conclude the opposite. (Knutson, D. C. ) It is considered an act of unconditional grace to say that the immeasurable, unmerited grace available from God stops only at the sin of adultery. Does Gods amazing grace cover only those sins of Old Testament law that are socially comfortable by todays standards? Let me put it another way: Is divorce (absent of unfaithfulness) a sin? Many Christians might respond, and there is plenty of scripture to back that up. Then will God consider the bed of that remarried person defiled? Most would probably respond, No, absolutely not, because of the New Testament law of grace, and there is plenty of scripture to support this. Christian churches historically have discriminated, excluded, and persecuted homosexuals on the basis of their sexuality. The emergence of new social attitudes and modernization has contributed to the easing of such taboos. However, the role of the church to defend minorities has led to serious conflicts between the gay community and the churchs prohibition of homosexuality. Within the Christian churches, homosexually oriented people have been excluded, marginalized and persecuted in the great majority of cases. The relatively few exceptions, which are known, are seldom taken into account. John Boswell, from whom the most important studies in this area have come, has found examples of liturgical forms for the union of same-sex partners from the churches of Asia Minor. Nevertheless, it must be said in general that in societies, which have morally proscribed homosexual relations, treated them as taboo or legally forbidden them, the sexual ethic upheld by the churches has not represented a divergent position. (Bauserman, R. ) New reflection by the churches in this area began only under the influence of a shift in social attitudes towards sexuality. The processes of modernization and secularization were accompanied by a removal of sexuality from the realm of taboo and a new respect for the private sphere. Furthermore, since the end of the 19th century modern sexual research has brought new insights into how the sexual identity of persons is formed. In addition, constitutional provisions guaranteeing the rule of law have made it possible for the first time for homosexual people to organize and struggle publicly for the abolition of discriminatory laws and regulations. For the most part the churches have supported the decriminalization of homosexuality only hesitantly. Nor was this new orientation primarily the consequence of new biblical insights or spiritual experiences; rather, the reconsideration was touched off by other factors. In the first place, personal encounter with gay or lesbian people, once they no longer had to conceal themselves but could begin to speak for themselves, was certainly important. As a rule, living alongside homosexual persons on the job, in the neighborhood, within the circle of friends or relatives leads to a reconsideration of traditional social or individual prejudices. A second factor was the exposure of individuals or groups in a good number of churches and congregations to the investigations and findings of modern empirical research on sexuality. However, this research is academically institutionalized (usually in connection with faculties of medicine) in only a few countries; and church declarations on sexual ethics draw explicitly on scientific sexological research only rarely and usually in passing. Finally, it should be noted that quite a few churches have accepted the decriminalization of homosexuality and the principle of non-discrimination against people because of sexual orientation through decisions by their competent governing bodies without however immediately reconsidering their own moral convictions and reservations on the issue. Churches time and again have a great deal of freedom for autonomous structuring of their ordinances and especially their offices. They should work at abolishing any remaining discrimination because of individual sexual orientation in the right to hold office and accept homosexual persons as office-bearers of course, as in the case of all office-bearers, according to the measure of their suitability for the growth of the community. (Boswell, J)

Kant and Mills Theories Essay -- social issues

Kant and Mill's Theories In July of 1994, Paul J. Hill, a former Presbyterian minister and later a pro-life activist, was prosecuted for killing Dr. John Britton, an abortion performing doctor, and James Barrett, a volunteer, outside a clinic in Pensacola, Florida. Prior to this, Hill commented on the murder of Dr. David Gunn, another abortion performing doctor, stating that it was a â€Å"biblically justified homicide (P. 215).† This statement shows how strong Hill’s beliefs were and leads one to assume that he did not regret killing Britton and Barrett. This paper will address the Hill case and determine the ethical parameter in which Paul Hill should have acted. The two philosophical approaches that will be examined and contrasted are the Kantian and Utilitarian perspectives. Kant and Mill’s point of view on the actions of Paul J. Hill will be presented based on their theories. Lastly, I will explain why I believe that Kant’s theory provides a more plausible account of morality . Kantianism and Utilitarianism are two theories that attempt to answer the moral nature of human beings. Immanuel Kant’s moral system is based on a belief that reason is the final authority for morality. John Stuart Mill’s moral system is based on the theory known as utilitarianism, which is based upon utility, or doing what produces the greatest happiness. One of Kant’s lasting contributions to moral philosophy was his emphasis on the notion of respect for persons. He considers respect for persons (a.k.a the Kantian respect) to be the fundamental moral principle of ethical philosophy. His Kantianism premise is a deontological moral theory which claims that the right action in any given situation is determined by the categorical imperative, which he calls the Supreme Principle. This imperative is a command that applies to all rational beings independent of their desires. It is a command that reason tells us to follow no matter what (P.31).† Kant considers this an objective law of reason and because it applies to all of us, he calls it a universal practical law for all rational beings. The hypothetical imperative, on the contrary, is a conditional command, which â€Å"we have reason to follow if (it) serve(s) some desire of ours (P.31).† For example, if you want X, then you will do Y, whereas with the categorical impe rative, X has nothing to do with why you do Y. Kant’s categor... ...es, I believe that Kantianism provides a more plausible account of ethics. Kantianism is more consistent of a theory and can be universally applied to all beings. It is more plausible because even if the consequences of performing an action are not necessarily the best, the agent is still obligated to perform the action because it is there duty to do so. Therefore, ethically and morally they are doing the right thing. In conclusion, this paper has discussed two main theories regarding the ethical behavior of human beings. Kantianism is a theory based on duties, maxims, willing and the categorical imperative. Also, it focuses on the motivation of actions, has clear and distinct set of universal rules, and is morally logical. On the other hand, Utilitarianism is based on the concept that we ought to do whatever produces the greatest overall utility and this will be the morally right action. Furthermore, it relies on the consequences of an action, has no set universal laws as each action is assessed on an individual basis, and morality is based on the results of the assessment. Because of these reasons, I believe that Kantianism is the more ethically plausible theory of the two.

Choose one case study and write an academic essay Essay

PART A = Identify the educational needs of the class/training group. Use these educational needs as the basis (headings) for outlining classroom practice, including strategies, in order to accommodate the diverse learning needs of the entire class/training group. Strategies are to be of a detailed, practical and realistic nature. PART B = Name the Education Queensland (or relevant educational body) policies, frameworks, statements and directives that will have implications for this class/training group (include website address). Note how these policies will support your planning that you have written about in part A. Due Date: 20th January, 2014 Course: Education Specialization: Early Childhood Lecturer/Course Examiner: Noah Mbano Word Count: 2380 This assignment will identify and address the educational needs present in the early childhood case study. The educational needs being addressed will be the basis for Part A, which are, English as a second language (ESL), cultural diversity, social skills, intellectual disabilities and behaviour management. Pedagogical practices and strategies will be suggested to cater for the diverse learning needs of all children attending the service. The focus will be on the delivery of learning opportunities, according to need, to maximise students’ learning capacity and not to label the children. Part B will support the pedagogical response and planning ideas outlined in Part A, by the relevant policies, frameworks, statements and directives from Educational government bodies that implicate the service. PART A English as a Second Language (ESL)/cultural diversity The case study states that the centre has a number of children with different cultural backgrounds. The first educational need relates to ESL and cultural diversity. Educators must respect the diverse cultural backgrounds and ensure equity, so children develop knowledgeable and confident self-identities (DEEWR, 2009). A positive sense of self is fostered when children are supported in their environment to feel safe, secure and supported (DEEWR, 2009). Early childhood educators should support students for whom English is a second language to develop their English language skills, empowering them to communicate and engage within their new environment. From the start of their enrolment, students and their families should be welcomed and feel a sense of belonging at the service. The centre’s philosophy should be based on an understanding that parents should be recognised as the child’s first and most influential educator, whilst supporting the National Childcare Accreditation Council’s quality area two ‘Partnerships with families’ (NCAC, 2005). In practice it has been found that, to support a smooth transition parents and child should be encouraged to have a settling in period, which can be used to share knowledge about the center; it’s curriculum and cultural background. Educators should exchange this information verbally as well as in a written form. During the settling-in period the child has the chance to meet new friends and to become more familiar in their new environment, whilst in the comfort of their parents. Enrolment strategies are to understand, support the child, his/her families and caregivers and to differentiate your program to support all cultures. Educators should build an understanding of individual culture including â€Å"norms, values, beliefs, languages, traditions, behaviours, symbols, activities, achievement, and possessions† (Ashman & Elkins, 2012). Educators can familiarised themselves with the families’ beliefs and values by providing the parents with English-language programs or translators, helping by collaborating and giving continuing support. Using these strategies to encourage family participation within the centre will support cultural diversity and an understanding of the world we live in. Example of  this would be celebrating cultural days, such as Naidoc week within the Aboriginal culture. Workers in the industry report that ways in showing a cultural understanding is to ask families to bring in family photos for display, to provide familiar words from their native language or invite them to talk about their culture or share a special dish are other possibilities. This will help ease the child into the classroom environment. To support the child, strategies such as simplifying language, making instructions clear, breaking down the steps, providing multiple technology devices of communication and observations to recognise confidence could be used. Have classroom routines and consistent expectations to help the child understand what they are expected to do. Educators should ensure individual expectations are clear and understood by children to reduce frustration and barriers from being formed (Ashman & Elkins, 2012). Social Skills The second educational need is the inclusion of social skills. Educators have the responsibility to provide a welcoming and safe environment, where children feel accepted and part of a group. Through social interactions children can share knowledge and develop confident self-identities (DEEWR, 2009). Educators should identify each student’s positive characteristics then use them to establish an understanding of interests to keep them engaged. This helps move towards an inclusive environment. An inclusive classroom should provide a safe, flexible learning environment where all students have sufficient support to achieve outcomes consistent with their capabilities, become willing to take risks, and construct knowledge that is personally relevant and meaningful. Differentiating the program experiences and assessment by taking on an individualised approach aims to promote success and self-esteem (Ashman & Elkins, 2012). It cannot be assumed that social inclusion will occur automatically to new students (Ashman & Elkins, 2012). Strategies to encourage social inclusion are to ensure all students are actively involved in the organisation of the classroom; the educator thus needs to build a positive relationship with the student, providing opportunities for social interaction in group work, games and activities. Educators are qualified enough to support students’ friendships and ensure that their classroom is socially responsive. Following up on these aspects should be done promptly with regular observation and review on progression  in social skills from the child. Through anecdotal evidence, documenting these observations have shown to support the reflection process and assist in justifying and preparing plans for the child’s individual needs, interests, strengths and weaknesses (Churchill et al, 2013). Intellectual disability The third educational need is the inclusion of children with intellectual disabilities. All schools aspire to have collaborative, school-based terms that are organised to develop supportive networks for students, including the intellectually disabled. Educators should recognise strengths and capabilities and not make assumptions about the students’ ability based on their diagnostic label. Reasonable steps should be taken to ensure students with disabilities are given multiple means for participating in learning. These would involve learning through multiple, examples, media and formats, choice of context and tools, opportunities for demonstration and level of challenges. Give students plenty of options for expressing what they know, and provide models, feedback and support for their different levels of proficiency (CAST, 2012). Multiple strategies can be guided by the principles from the ‘Universal Design for learning’, which is a framework that shifts educators’ understanding of learner differences. It challenges them to rethink the nature of curriculum materials and endow them with the inherent flexibility necessary to serve diverse learning needs (Wright, 2006, as cited in Module 4, 2014). Strategies that also facilitate this include, varying the type of activities or the method of instruction, providing additional human and technical resources, giving extra support, modifying the ways in which the student will respond, or changing the classroom environment. These variations should be designed in such a way that the student with a disability is able to participate in the learning experiences on the same basis as a student without a disability, and without experiencing discrimination. There is anecdotal evidence that contemporary approaches to intellectual disability emphasise equal ac cess, participation, and recognition that a person’s level of functioning will improve if appropriate, individualise and supports are provided. Behaviour management The fourth educational need is behaviour management. Before considering specific learning issues, there are a number of factors outside of the school that influence school behaviour issues; family, socio-economics, culture, religion and race; and socio-political factors. Educators should agree that it is important to establish a cohesive understanding of socio-culturally acceptable behaviours when addressing behaviour management. Strategies to encourage positive behaviour rely on a pedagogical approach that sees the educator making adaptations, so the students can work effectively. In practice is has been found that students with behaviour problems often learn best when tactile and kinaesthetic strategies are presented. According to Early Childhood Australia (2013) the two main reasons misbehaviour usually occurs is when, children are expressing their feelings and children who have not yet learnt how to do what is expected. Strategies aimed at preventing misbehaviour include setting clear limits with input from the children and teaching the children what behaviour is appropriate and what is not (Early Childhood Australia, 2013). A critical aspect of maintaining students with behaviour problems in an inclusive classroom is the recognition of the learning difficulties that students face (Mooney, Epstein, Reid, and Nelson, 2003, as cited in Ashman & Elkins, 2012). One of the most important strategies for any teacher is to be a role model and to create a supportive and welcoming classroom. This will encourage all students to persist and work together more inclusively. To encourage appropriate behaviour, staff to child ratios should be obeyed at all times. This will ensure adequate care is been given to each child. Routines to be followed, keeping mealtimes regular and not too late, as some children will be hungry and this can lead to misbehaviour due to irritability. This can be changed by being responsive, flexible and adopting an individualised approach to routines. However sometimes circumstances change suddenly and this can result in routines been disturbed, for example, changes at home and the circumstances affecting behaviour is out of your control. The main idea is to facilitate individuals in developing his or her authentic self, through fostering student’s knowledge in a number of different genres, within a school, family or social environment. As a result of the diverse economic, social, spiritual, cultural, and political realities of our individual lives, a single aim of education wouldn’t suit  everyone’s needs. Therefore we need to create opportunities that will lead a student to their own success, a success defined by the individual. After all research has shown that â€Å"the way children learn, is as unique as their fingerprints† (CAST, 2012). Including students with educational learning needs in the regular classroom will provide the children with opportunities to interact with more able peers. By interacting in small groups, students learn to listen to what others have to say, understand that they may have different perspectives, share information and ideas and express different points of view in socially acceptable ways. Although it may appear that time and considerable organisation is focused on children with educational needs, it will have a positive impact on the delivery of the curriculum. The strategies outlined can be used not only for the child in need but all other children in the class will benefit from the additional strategies that will in turn cater for the multiple ways of learning throughout the class. PART B The Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) is Australia’s first national framework, which forms an important written guideline for the unity of care and practices ensuring all children involved in early childhood education settings experience quality teaching (AGDEEWR, 2009). The EYLF’s curriculum supports children’s learning from birth to five years of age, as well as their transition to school. Part A mentions strategies that relate to the EYLF’s curriculum The ‘Being, Becoming and Belonging: The Early Years Learning Framework is the document used in all services implementing the National Quality Standard. It consists of a set of principals, practices and outcomes that advise educators that children have a strong sense of identity, children are connected with and contribute to their world, children have a strong sense of wellbeing, children are confident and involved learners and children are effective communicators. Strategies suggested in Part A directly relate to these outcomes from the EYLF by advocating play-based learning while recognising the importance of communication, language, social and emotional development (ACECQA, 2009). All elements are fundamental to curriculum making decisions and pedagogy in an early childhood setting. The National Quality Framework (NQF) is a tool to assist childcare providers to improve their services in the areas that  impact on a child’s development and empower families to make informed choices about which service is best for their child. The NQF has many implications for the centre, including a national legislative framework that consists of the Education and Care Services National Law and Education and Care Services National regulations, a National Quality Standard (NQS), an assessment and rating system, a regulatory authority and ACECQA. ‘The Guide to the National Quality Framework’ directs centres in implementing the framework. The National Quality Standard is responsible for administering, including approving, monitoring, and quality assessing and rating. Services are assessed and rated against the Seven Quality Areas; this ensures the organisation and its educator’s are meeting the standards and providing high-quality educational programs. The Seven Quality Areas that relate to all practices outlined in Part A, are; Educational program and practice, Children’s health and safety, Physical environment, Collaborative partnerships with families and communities, Staffing arrangements, Relationships with children, Leadership and service management. Education and Care Services National Law (Queensland) Act 2011 outlines the legislation that has implications for the service. It outlines regulations regarding inclusion and provisions. The National law establishes the ACECQA, which is responsible for ensuring that the NQF that is implemented consistently across all states and territories. The Child Care Regulation 2003 directs policies and outlines the lawful standards that implicate the service. These regulations implicate all practices and strategies outlined in Part A, by providing a directive for compliance. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) sets out rights in 54 Articles and is guided by four fundamental principles. The articles are about how adults and governments should work together to make sure that all children get all their rights. The four fundamental principles are, non-discrimination, the best interests of the child, survival, development and protection and participation. These protocols have implications for the service with its outline of the basic human rights that children everywhere have. This is put in place to ensure that services are meeting the basic needs of ch ildren, to help them reach their fullest potential. Many of the rights support planning strategies outlined in part A including the right to his or her own name and identity, the right to an education, the right to be  protected from abuse or exploitation, the right to express their opinions and have these listened to and, where appropriate, acted upon and the right to play and enjoy culture and art in safety (UNICEF, 2012). The Disabilities Discrimination Act (DDA) education standards outline the obligations to assist people with a disability under the DDA. The DDA therefore has direct implications for the service when catering for children with disabilities to ensure their right to participate in educational courses and programs on the same basis as students without disability. This means a person with disability should have access to the same opportunities and choices in their education that are available to a person without disability. These policies support the planning and implementation of differentiated learning, assessment, accommodations, adjustments, re-designing and the universal design for learning. Melbourne Declaration outlines a commitment to working to support the development and strengthening of early childhood education, to provide every child with the opportunity for the best start in life and there for has implications for the service. The ‘Commitment to Action’ supports the planning for part A in such areas as developing stronger partnerships and strengthening early childhood education, advocating services to work towards smooth transitions into schools, providing parents, carers and families with information regarding equity and supporting young Australians to become successful learners, confident and creative individuals and active and informed citizens (MCEECDYA, 2008). References Ashman, A., & Elkins, J. (Eds.). (2012). Education for Inclusion and Diversity (4th ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Australia Australian Children’s Education & Care Quality Authority (ACECQA). (2011). Guide to the National Quality Framework. Retrieved from http://acecqa.gov.au/storage/1%20Guide%20to%20the%20NQF.pdf Australian Government Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) for the council of Australian Governments (2009). Being Belonging Becoming: The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia. Canberra, ACT: DEEWR. CAST,inc. (2012, May 3). National centre on Universal Design for Learning: UDL at a glance [Video file]. Video posted to http://www.udlcenter.org/resource_library/videos/udlcenter/udl#video0 Churchill, Rick. (2nd Ed.). (2013). Teaching: making a difference. Milton Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Early Childhood Australia. (2013). Managing challenging behaviour. Retrieved from http://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/learning_and_teaching/childrens_behaviour/managing_challenging_behaviour.html Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs. (2008). Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians. Retrieved from http://www.mceecdya.edu.au/verve/_resources/National_Declaration_on_the_Educational_Goals_for_Young_Australians.pdf Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs, {MCEETYA} (2003). A National Framework for Professional Standards for Teaching. Retrieved January 2, 2014, from source. http://www.curriculum.edu.au/verve/_resources/national_framework_file.pd Module 4 – Differentiating the curriculum and universal design principles. (2014). Retrieved January 2, 2014, from http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au/m2/mod/resource/view.php?id=167984 National Childcare Accreditation Council. (2005). Quality Improvement and Accreditation System: Quality Practices Guide. Retrieved from http://www.ncac.gov.au/resources/qias_qpg.pdf Queensland Government. (2012). Disability Discrimination Act 1992. Retrieved from http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2013C00022 Unicef. (2012). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/crc/

Hemmingway

American Novel 8/04/2013 Q) Hemmingway’s depiction of the condition of man in a society that has been upset by the violence of war, in light of â€Å"The Sun also Rises† and â€Å"A Farewell to Arms†. No American writer is more associated with writing about war in the early 20th century than Ernest Hemingway. He experienced it first hand, wrote dispatches from innumerable frontlines, and used war as a backdrop for many of his most memorable works. Commenting on these experience years later in  Men at War,  Hemingway wrote: â€Å"When you go to war as a boy you have a great illusion of immortality.Other people get killed; not you. . . . Then when you are badly wounded the first time you lose that illusion and you know it can happen to you. After being severely wounded two weeks before my nineteenth birthday I had a bad time until I figured out that nothing could happen to me that had not happened to all men before me. Whatever I had to do men had always done. If they had done it then I could do it too and the best thing was not to worry about it. Many persons whose outward lives do not in the least resemble that of a typical ‘Hemingway’s character’ are still conscious of the dislocation due to war, and of which he has made himself the outstanding fictional spokesmen of our time. Hemingway’s characters are soldiers, sportsman, Prize fighter and his world of fiction swarm with ferrets, drunkards and prostitutes. He is greatly pre-occupied with death and violence. ‘A Farewell to Arms’ shows Hemingway’s ability to create life like character, both male and female, in such a way as to make us feel that we have actually met them.The First World War plays an important role in the novels of Ernest Hemingway. He has depicted all real war experience in his novel. The war led up to a deep distrust of all established institutions and values religions, ideals, society, patriotisms etc. Only concrete expe riences were valued. Thus, Hemingway emphasized the sense and the experience based on them. The Sun also Rises is one of his such novels. It is a story of a few American expatriates who were living in Paris after the War. There were all wounded either physically or psychologically by the war. I got hurt in the war,† I said. â€Å"Oh, that dirty war. † We would probably have gone on and discussed the war and agreed that it was in reality a calamity for civilization, and perhaps would have been better avoided. I was bored enough. Just then from the other room someone called: â€Å"Barnes! I say Barnes! Jacob Barnes! † (3. 9)| The banal discussion of the war that Jake and Georgette narrowly escape is one that’s unsatisfactory and not comprehensive. We get the feeling that there’s a lot more to be said about the war, but nobody knows how to communicate it yet. â€Å"My dear, I am sure Mr.Barnes has seen a lot. Don’t think I don’t think so , sir. I have seen a lot, too. †Ã‚   â€Å"Of course you have, my dear,† Brett said. â€Å"I was only ragging. † â€Å"I have been in seven wars and four revolutions,† the count said. â€Å"Soldiering? † Brett asked. â€Å"Sometimes, my dear. And I have got arrow wounds. Have you ever seen arrow wounds? † (7. 18)| The count’s definition of â€Å"seen a lot† is associated with war – as though war is the only real experience a man can have. The old pre-war values cannot give them the direction that they are looking for and in this lost world they are all lost souls.They drink heavily to quieten their inner distressed voices. Jake Barnes is a casualty of the First World War. He has been made impotent due to his injury and thus is now ‘half the man than he was before. ’ His physical impairment has made it impossible for him to consummate his love and thus this becomes the tragedy of his love for Brett Ashley. Alt hough there is no mention of it in the novel directly, it has been implied in certain scenes. As Brett is not willing to settle for less, Jake is drowned in the ocean of unrequited love.Thus, Jake then becomes a tragic hero, one of the most praised heroes of Hemingway’s books. We see that the war has taken away his masculinity from him leaving him incomplete for life. As Jake’s war doctor remarks on his loss, â€Å"He has given much more than his life. † As the title of the novel makes clear,  A Farewell to Arms  concerns itself primarily with war, namely the process by which Frederic Henry removes himself from it and leaves it behind. The few characters in the novel who actually support the effort—Ettore Moretti and Gino—come across as a dull raggart and a naive youth, respectively. The majority of the characters remain ambivalent about the war, resentful of the terrible destruction it causes, doubtful of the glory it supposedly brings. The no vel offers masterful descriptions of the conflicts senseless brutality and violent chaos. The scene of the Italian army’s retreat remains one of the most profound evocations of War in American Literature. As the neat columns of men begin to crumble so does the soldier’s nerves, minds, and capacity for rational thought and moral judgement.Henry’s shooting of the engineer for refusing to help free the car from the mud shocks the reader for two reasons, first, the violent outburst seems at odds with Henry’s detached character, and secondly, the incident occurs in a setting that robs it of its moral import, the complicity of Henry’s fellow soldiers legitimizes the killing. The murder of the engineer seems justifiable because it is an inevitable by-product of the spiralling violence and disorder of the War.I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it. There were many words that you could not stand to hear and finally only the names of places had dignity. Certain numbers were the same way and certain dates and these with the names of the places were all you could say and have them mean anything. Abstract words such as glory, honour, courage, or hallow were obscene beside the concrete names of villages, the numbers of roads, the names of rivers, the numbers of regiments and the dates.To Henry, such abstractions as honour, glory, and sacrifice do little to explain or assuage the unbelievable destruction that he sees around him. What matters, he decides, are the names of villages and soldiers, the concrete facts of decimated walls and dead bodies. He believes that in order to discuss the war honestly, one must dismiss artificial concepts and deal with terms grounded in the reality of the war. He tarnishes the romanticized ideal of the military hero by equating the â€Å"sacrifices† of human liv es in war with the slaughter of livestock.He further compares romantic riffs about honor and glory to burying meat in the ground. Nothing can be sustained or nurtured by such pointlessness. Hemingway believed that in this corrupt world it is no longer possible to have a decent, self-respecting and dignified life. It is the end of love, end of human dignity, end of personal relationships and a realisation that man is all alone in the world and he has to fend for himself. It is the realisation that the ultimate reality is nothing but nada, a Spanish word which means ‘nothingness’. â€Å"Nada†, someone said. â€Å"It’s nothing.Drink up. Lift the bottle. † (The Sun Also Rises, chapter15) The Sun Also Rises portrays a few American and British young men whose experiences of the war are qualitatively not different from those of Nick Adams and Jake Barnes and they are lost in a world which they do not understand. Their meaningless wanderings in Paris and la ter in Pamplona are the equivalents of their confused minds which have failed to find any guiding principles in life. Bull-fighting for them becomes a symbol of life in which the matador demonstrates how a man facing death can retain dignity.As a matter of fact it is in the face of danger and confrontation with death that they show courage, so that they can lead a life in which they can respect themselves. There is a vague realisation on the part of these expatriates that they cannot implement the matador’s code in their lives because of the wounds inflicted by the war will take quite some time to heal. In A Farewell to Arms Henry realizes that his idealism which had guided him into the front is meaningless in the face of total destruction symbolized by the war.Whether he performs his duties or not, it does not make any material difference to the unit to which he belongs. The endless round of drinking and brothels is equally futile because he cannot find any object to which h e could align himself and seek some sort of satisfaction that would give some meaning to his life. His love affair with Catherine Barkley is a temporary relief from the inner disquiet and finally with the death of Catherine he is no better off than the dog nosing in the dust bin for something to eat but where there is nothing for him to find.His own wound had also but killed him. This feeling of nada then led to â€Å"the lost generation†. The term lost generation is generally applied to those who had actively participated in the First World War and as a consequence of this realised that life was meaningless. As a result of the domination of machine over man, man had felt that they were extremely helpless. This disillusionment could have taken either the shape of nihilism or a search for enduring values and absolutes. In the mechanised war there was no room whatsoever for the assertion of manhood or courage and bravery.In a famous passage in A Farewell to Arms Hemingway bring s out this disillusionment. In the rain, the words like honour, glory, patriotism seemed obscene to him and what was real were the names of the regiments, streets and towns. The Sun also Rises and A Farewell to Arms celebrate the conditions that led to this disillusionment and how man sought desperately to clutch at straws in this meaningless and valueless world. There is no sentiment whatsoever about the retreat ion A Farewell to Arms or the adventures of Brett Ashley.They are delineated with the realism of a scientist but with the tenderness of an artist. There is a feeling of boredom and disgust with the half-truths and sentiments of the earlier generations. Hemingway has, along with Remarque, revealed the grotesque and the animal nature in man. Worship of instinct instead of rationality became the order of the day. The world that Hemingway has portrayed is unrecognizably part of the modern world. The violence of war is still with us. And added to it is the anxiety and fear of th e cold war that seems to have become part and parcel of the Twentieth Century life.His preoccupation with violence, decay and death may be neurotic but are still part of the twentieth century temper. The lack of morality is with us to stay. There are no religious values that can provide balm to the troubled mind. As Jake Barnes states in The Sun also Rising, â€Å"I’m a rotten Catholic. † In the words of Philip Young, â€Å"It is a hell of a world, and we should protest it. But on the other hand we should be hard-pressed to prove that it is not the one we inhabit†¦ While other writers were watching the side acts, Hemingway’s eyes were from the start focused on the main show. The devout ask for peace in our time but ironically there is no peace in our time. This is the vision that Hemingway presents in his works and it is difficult to refute its authenticity so long as our world is going to be haunted by the fear of a thermo-nuclear war. As Hemingway wrote in A Farewell to arms, â€Å"If people bring so much courage to this world the world has to kill them to break them, so of course it kills them. The world breaks everyone and afterward many are strong at the broken places.But those that will not break it kills. It kills the very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially. If you are none of these you can be sure that it’ll kill you too but there will be no special hurry. † Work Cited: http://onviolence. com/? e=313 http://www. hrmars. com/admin/pics/1043. pdf http://www. amazon. com/Hemingway-War-Ernest/dp/0743243293 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway http://www. archives. gov/publications/prologue/2006/spring/hemingway. html Book: Hemingway on War

buy custom U.S. Policy on Fighting Terrorism essay

buy custom U.S. Policy on Fighting Terrorism essay Disruption of any project will definitely affect its outcome. In the same way if the operations of the terrorists can be disrupted then their plans are likely to fail. Bush (2007) writes that the U.S. policy on fighting terrorism is by preventing and disrupting terrorist attacks. This is been effected through so many strategies which are being planned and implemented with a special attention being given to the dynamism portrayed by the terrorist groups in particular the al Qaida. According to Bush (2007), the al Qaida group is still strong and at work, the group has protected its top leadership, replenished operational lieutenants, and regenerated a safe haven in Pakistans Federally Administered Tribal Areas- core capabilities that would help facilitate another attack on the homeland (par. 10). Actually, by disrupting the activities of the terrorists it will be possible for to it hard or even impossible for them to execute their plans. To ensure that the terrorist groups, the main being the al Qaida group, are disrupted and prevented from executing their plans the following have been implemented: Country Entry Restriction Since one will need to be physically present, in most cases, to execute a terror activity, it will be a step ahead if such people are denied access to target it will not be possible for them to carry out the intended activity. Bush (2007) argues that the U.S. government has purposed to prevent and deny terrorists entry into the homeland. This restriction equally applies to the terrorist groups and any materials which are terror related (Bush, 2007, par. 11). By restricting the ability of the terrorists groups to travel across the nations and in particular within the borders of the U.S. it will become quite hard fo them to carry out terrorist plans. Their ability to identify, survey, plan and launch attacks are severely impeded. It has been argued above that the terrorists are adapting creative ways to carry out their plans. Being aware that they might not be allowed to access U.S they will most definitely resort to other channels which will put them on the American soil. Bush (2007) note that the terrorists are quite dynamic and good at exploiting the illicit means to circumvent the border of the United States of America. He believes that it is possible to maintain reliable and efficient flow of people, services and goods at the same time prevent the infiltration of the terrorists into the homeland (Bush, 2007, par. 12). It therefore will be important for the governments to share intelligence on terrorists and also ensure that the borders are well patrolled especially for countries which are terrorists targets. Despites all the measures which have been discussed on disrupting and preventing terrorism, it should be noted that they might not be quite effective in curtailing the activities of al Qaida. This is because the group does not proceed as an army but works in a decentralized manner with isolated groups which are coordinated (Bush, 2007, par. 13). That means that the terrorists can even operate and execute their attacks single handedly hence the need for the government to be thorough to the levels of individuals. Apart from taking care of the people, the cargoes have to be screened to avoid smuggling of tools of terror. There are various types of materials which can be used to carry out terrorism including weapons of mass destruction. According to Bush (2007), the biggest fear has been a possibility of a nuclear and radiological material smuggle into the homeland. This has led to the developmment of advanced methods of screening cargoes at the points of entry (Bush, 2007, par. 13). Some of the measures which have been taken to ensure that the screening of cargo is done effectively include: The Container Security Initiative: This provides for the creation of a security regime for the purpose of evaluating and prescreening maritime containers. This is done before they are shipped from the country of origin. The process makes use of automated targeting tools which ensures that high risk cargo has to be scanned first before shipment takes place. The Customs Trade Partnership against Terrorism (C-TPAT): This is a controlled U.S. protection program which is implemented at the boarders. Under the program the participating businesses undergo review of the security procedures and come up with enhanced tight security measures for the purpose of ship expediting. Megaports initiative: this program is under the department of energy. Under this program the government of US makes collaboration with foreign countries to help them increase the potential to scan cargo specifically for nuclear materials. The scanning also includes other radiological materials. This is usually carried out at the main entry points. The secure freight initiative: this is a comprehensive model which seeks to enhance secure delivery of cargoes. The objective is to keep legitimate trade flowing. The model ensures that there is leveraging of shipper information, trade partnership and the government (host) partnership to scan cargoes which are headed to the United States. The measures above are quite appropriate in curbing attempts which might be aimed at smuggling weapons and tools of terrorism into United States. Buy custom U.S. Policy on Fighting Terrorism essay

Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) and its Relation with Dose Essay Example

Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) and its Relation with Dose Essay Example Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) and its Relation with Dose Paper Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) and its Relation with Dose Paper The article focuses mainly on the determination mechanism of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of radiation as a medical technique. The dose effect is normally used in the determination of this effect; and the result show differences for live and dead cells. The presence of complex reactions also poses difficulty in arriving to the valid conclusions. Because of this, the dose effect relationship is eliminated and is replaced with dose-RBE relationship in order to prevent the limitations. The physical quantities are under consideration in the dose-RBE, since RBE becomes the ratio of doses of equal effect. It was identified further that the type of critical cell is important in establishing the RBE. There are some specific considerations which pertain to the effect of low-energy neutrons and high energy neutrons to the deactivation mechanism of electromagnetic radiation by electrons, either by 1-particle or 2-particle mechanisms. The doses of x-ray and ? -rays do not have the expected effect of producing primary lesions because it cannot produce neutrons with energies up to 14MeV, but produces two electrons in radiation. The neutron radiation even at low doses can execute lesion production, but then it was still discovered that the two-electron system of x-ray can produce lesions. The study proceeds with the lesion effects and extent, using the specific energy value, z, produced in the site of radiation by single particle track or the method of superimposition of several tracks. The findings say that there is direct proportionality between effect probability and the square of the specific energy in a region above 1 Â µm. It is noted that there are arguments presented indicative of the similar dependence on z of the x-rays and neutrons of intermediate energy composition. It is determined that probability effects particles exceeding 100 keV/Â µm (high energy neutrons) have a lower proportionality to z2.

Battle of Kadesh - Ancient Egypt

Battle of Kadesh - Ancient Egypt Battle of Kadesh - Conflict Date: The Battle of Kadesh was fought in 1274, 1275, 1285, or 1300 BC during the conflicts between the Egyptians and Hittite Empire. Armies Commanders Egypt Ramses IIapprox. 20,000 men Hittite Empire Muwatalli IIapprox. 20,000-50,000 men Battle of Kadesh - Background: In response to waning Egyptian influence in Canaan and Syria, Pharaoh Ramses II prepared to campaign in the region during the fifth year of his reign. Though this area had been secured by his father, Seti I, it had slipped back under the influence of the Hittite Empire. Gathering an army at his capital, Pi-Ramesses, Ramses divided it into four divisions dubbed Amun, Ra, Set, and Ptah. To support this force, he also recruited a force of mercenaries which were dubbed the Nearin or Nearin. Marching north, the Egyptian divisions traveled together while the Nearin were assigned to secure the port of Sumur. Battle of Kadesh - Misinformation: Opposing Ramses was the army of Muwatalli II which was encamped near Kadesh. In an effort to deceive Ramses, he planted two nomads in the path of the Egyptian advance with false information regarding the armys location and shifted his camp behind the city to east. Taken by the Egyptians, the nomads informed Ramses that the Hittite army was far away in the land of Aleppo. Believing this information, Ramses sought to seize the opportunity to capture Kadesh before the Hittites could arrive. As a result, he raced ahead with the Amun and Ra divisions, dividing his forces. Battle of Kadesh - The Armies Clash: Arriving north of the city with his bodyguard, Ramses was soon joined by the Amun division which established a fortified camp to await the arrival of the Ra division which was marching in from the south. While here, his troops captured two Hittite spies who, after being tortured, revealed the true location of Muwatallis army. Angered that his scouts and officers had failed him, he issued orders summoning the remainder of the army. Seeing an opportunity, Muwatalli ordered the bulk of his chariot force to cross the Orontes River south of Kadesh, and attack the approaching Ra division. As they departed, he personally led a reserve chariot force and infantry north of the city to block possible escape routes in that direction. Caught in the open while in a marching formation, the troops of the Ra division were quickly routed by the attacking Hittites. As the first survivors reached the Amun camp, Ramses realized the severity of the situation and dispatched his vizier to hurry the Ptah division. Having routed the Ra and cut off the Egyptians line of retreat, the Hittite chariots swung north and assaulted the Amun camp. Crashing through the Egyptian shield wall, his men drove Ramses troops back. With no alternative available, Ramses personally led his bodyguard in a counterattack against the enemy. While the bulk of the Hittite attackers paused to loot the Egyptian camp, Ramses succeeded in driving off an enemy chariot force to the east. In the wake of this success, he was joined by the arriving Nearin which swarmed into the camp and succeeded in driving out the Hittites who retreated towards Kadesh. With the battle turning against him, Muwatalli elected push forward his chariot reserve but held back his infantry. As the Hittite chariots moved towards the river, Ramses advanced his forces east to meet them. Assuming a strong position on the west bank, the Egyptians were able to prevent the Hittite chariots from forming and advancing at attack speed. Despite this, Muwatalli ordered six charges against the Egyptian lines all of which were turned back. As evening approached, the lead elements of the Ptah division arrived on the field threatening the Hittite rear. Unable to break through Ramses lines, Muwatalli elected to fall back. Battle of Kadesh - Aftermath: While some sources suggest that the Hittite army entered Kadesh, it is likely that the bulk retreated towards Aleppo. Reforming his battered army and lacking supplies for a long siege, Ramses elected to withdraw towards Damascus. Casualties for the Battle of Kadesh are not known. Though a tactical victory for the Egyptians the battle proved a strategic defeat as Ramses had failed to capture Kadesh. Returning to their respective capitals, both leaders declared victory. The struggle between the two empires would continue to rage for over a decade until concluded by one of the worlds first international peace treaties. Selected Sources HistoryNet: Battle of KadeshTour Egypt: Battle of KadeshHistory of War: Battle of Kadesh

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 107

Essay Example From afar, one would think that it is but a very realistic illustration of a bright red, elegant armchair with one pair of an old running shoe and an electrical cord in front, a broom on the side and a painting on the wall hanging just right over it. It would not be until one looks closely on it that the touching details of the painting become clear. The elegant armchair is old and worn out looking as if it has been used for many years. The shadow on the left side of the painting and the one that is created by the armchair make it look like the light is focused on the painting on the wall and the armchair with a huge fish lying on it. With all these elements combined all together, I realized why Fraser named it as such. As one of the spectators in the room, I think that the whole picture shows the contrasting yet funny way of life. The painting of the fishermen that is hanging right above the armchair reflects all of the hard work in order to live an extravagant lifestyle. However, the fish that seems to be catching its breath lying on the chair represents our ignorance of the fact that we have been trying so hard that we do not realize that the one thing that satisfies all our needs are sitting just right inside our home. A healthy lifestyle and a clean living condition are sufficient enough to make man happy. The simplicity of life should satisfy

The Responsible Parties for Samuel's Death Research Paper

The Responsible Parties for Samuel's Death - Research Paper Example The elders, who passed them by, disapproved of their actions but did nothing about it. According to the first element that was responsible for Sam’s death, the lady felt too embarrassed to warn the boys of the impending danger. The lady wanted to caution them to be careful but for fear of embarrassment that they might laugh at her she said nothing. Her embarrassment is one of the chief elements that were responsible for Samuel’s death because if she had acted immediately she could have averted a tragedy. All she did was to say -â€Å"You boys will be hurt. You will be 1 killed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Paley 356). According to Paley (355) the woman was more concerned about herself and her embarrassment, than the boys. â€Å"She wasn't afraid they'd hit her, but she was afraid of embarrassment.† Regarding the second element that was responsible for Samuel’s death, the man had pulled the emergency brake with the idea of safety in his mind. However, according to the ex planation given in the story, the actions of the man could either be morally right or wrong. Never at any point did he realize what the outcome of his actions would be.

Nanotechnology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Nanotechnology - Research Paper Example Nanotechnology has so far been of help and has also found its way into the treatment of infectious diseases. Nanotechnology works by making use of the nano materials that have antimicrobial properties and makes use of encapsulated benzoyl oxide, which improves the activity as well as the tolerability of the anti-acne agent. Acne comes into the picture as being one of the most common dermatological conditions. Nanotech medication that has strong antimicrobial properties to treat an infectious disease can be devised. The drugs will be administered and allowed to diffuse in the target body fluid with some pressure being felt; the upward and downward forces will always be in balance. 6Ï€rÃŽ ·v will be a force acting in resistance to the particle. Here, r represents the radius of the blood vessel; n represents body fluid viscosity, and v represents the velocity that the nanotech drug will be moving along the blood vessels. As it is known, Stokes law is almost a presence in almost all fields, and as such it has its application here too. Chitosan application in nanotech medication is mainly felt as a delivery tool and also due to its inherent antimicrobial property that is very useful in the treatment of

The current climate of financial constraints will have a dramatic Essay

The current climate of financial constraints will have a dramatic impact on investigating crime Examine this assertion - Essay Example The recession has affected every segment of society especially the working class. When people are without work for a prolonged period of time, even honest citizens sometimes turn to crime to pay their bills mostly in urban areas. In such situations, the resources of the crime prevention agencies are usually focused on serious or violent crimes, and they usually ignore lesser offences such as burglaries due the scarcity of manpower and other resources such as cars for patrolling, or even clerical personnel for filing in report or preparing the paperwork to present the cases for court proceedings. In the absence of police personnel on the streets, minor arguments may escalate to shootouts or stabbings because the presence of police usually acts as a deterrent and prevents the situation from escalating. Other crimes such as auto thefts, shoplifting, provoked and aggravated assault, property crime, gang wars, murders, domestic battery, aggravated burglary, fraud, rape and kidnapping all are on the increase due to the cutbacks in police budgets. Besides having an adequate number of personnel, other things that are essential for effective policing are vehicles, monitoring and tracking equipment (Moro, 2012). Computer systems for maintaining records and other paperwork. Funds are also needed to hire additional civilian personnel on a temporary basis or to pay off informants who are an essential part of any police network. The police department needs forensics laboratories, equipment and chemicals and qualified staff to man these laboratories. Then too offenders who are apprehended need facilities such as beds in the lock ups and prisons, before they are released on bail, or if they are not released on bail they do require other facilities such as food, medicine and police personnel for keeping a watch over these prisoners so that they do not riot and kill each

The Difference between Office Automation System and Knowledge System Research Paper

The Difference between Office Automation System and Knowledge System - Research Paper Example In other words, anybody who knows how to use Microsoft Windows and can browse the internet will have no problem with this system. In this scenario, completely database driven, automation is extremely robust, since it makes it simple for websites varying from low traffic, small company websites to huge business websites requiring hundreds of updates every day (Ask.com; CARDOSO; Sabatin; Answers Corporation; The Destin). In addition, one of the key aspects in office automation is information handling and management. The growing volume and complexity of business data has required from the organizations to depend on computers to help distribute, capture, manage and store the data and information flow required in order to complete their everyday business processes. Thus, as computers keep track of the particulars of the data and information; business people are capable to focus on the upper level duties like that decision making and planning. Additionally, the automation helps rationalize the management and research renews. It makes a particular update inside automation as well as the piece of content could be updated all through the parts and reflects in connected procedures. Moreover, the automation is available with a password protected secure administration area in which every user is provided with their own, password and username (Ask.com; CARDOSO; Sabatini; Answers Corporation; The Destiny). Furthermore, the changeable and customizable information and data content available on a website is extremely simple to edit. In this scenario, the system makes use of inbuilt modules that facilitate clients to change information, data, and image characteristics by means of an interface extremely related to the one offered by "Microsoft Word". However, more knowledgeable clients are able to swap to HTML methods for advanced editing. In this scenario, the data displays could be time/date driven, consequently the information is displayed from, to or in among particular times submitted by us. As a result, organizations are able to distribute information when they desire, as well as have it available on the website at a time that suits them. The main objectives of any office automation system are to offer following facilities: (Ask.com; CARDOSO; Sabatini; Answers Corporation; The Destiny) Offer user friendly interfaces for data entry those are simple to navigate Well-organized system working, monitoring, tracking, athe uditing and routing of a variety of files Dependable reporting system that should not negatively affect system working and performance System should be easy to maintain as well as configure System should be efficient for future improvements Should implement group/role based safety Offering automatic awareness to the user depending on procedures as well as deadlines Improve the speed and efficiency of business and corporate decision making procedure Well-organized master data preservation Offer superior control over inventory management Off er central controlling system for organization.

The current climate of financial constraints will have a dramatic Essay

The current climate of financial constraints will have a dramatic impact on investigating crime Examine this assertion - Essay Example The recession has affected every segment of society especially the working class. When people are without work for a prolonged period of time, even honest citizens sometimes turn to crime to pay their bills mostly in urban areas. In such situations, the resources of the crime prevention agencies are usually focused on serious or violent crimes, and they usually ignore lesser offences such as burglaries due the scarcity of manpower and other resources such as cars for patrolling, or even clerical personnel for filing in report or preparing the paperwork to present the cases for court proceedings. In the absence of police personnel on the streets, minor arguments may escalate to shootouts or stabbings because the presence of police usually acts as a deterrent and prevents the situation from escalating. Other crimes such as auto thefts, shoplifting, provoked and aggravated assault, property crime, gang wars, murders, domestic battery, aggravated burglary, fraud, rape and kidnapping all are on the increase due to the cutbacks in police budgets. Besides having an adequate number of personnel, other things that are essential for effective policing are vehicles, monitoring and tracking equipment (Moro, 2012). Computer systems for maintaining records and other paperwork. Funds are also needed to hire additional civilian personnel on a temporary basis or to pay off informants who are an essential part of any police network. The police department needs forensics laboratories, equipment and chemicals and qualified staff to man these laboratories. Then too offenders who are apprehended need facilities such as beds in the lock ups and prisons, before they are released on bail, or if they are not released on bail they do require other facilities such as food, medicine and police personnel for keeping a watch over these prisoners so that they do not riot and kill each

Ethical issue at Starbucks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical issue at Starbucks - Research Paper Example However, recent discoveries show an otherwise picture (Cross et al 2009). According to Rhetoric Society of America et al (2004), Starbucks has been covering up many things such as serving milk with GM growth hormone in US. Besides, it has been running relentless campaigns of bursting unions. According to Schultz et al (2011), the company is also accused of attempting to block the attempts of Ethiopia to improve the coffee grower’s livelihoods. Furthermore, it has also petitioned a federal judge to accept in past sexual history evidence of a former employee aged 16 years when she took sexual harassment case to court. Despite the fact that the company has sold as standard Fair-trade Coffee since 2009 in all its stores in UK, the rest of the operation globally on the uptake has been slower. The firm has been criticized even for its operations in US by Organic Consumers Association also dragging its feet in Fair-trade launch (Michelli 2007). In addition, Gilbert (2008) points out the order by the US court on Starbucks to pay low wage staff more than $100million in California in a ruling that the workers improperly shared with their bosses some tips although was overturned subsequently after a successful appeal. The lawsuit against Starbucks was for using tactics that are anti competitive to eliminate their competitors. The employees of Starbucks would give out their coffee rights as free sample outside the small shops of coffee in their neighborhoods, thereby gaining more profit and business for themselves. Furthermore, Bussing-Burks (2009) add that they sometimes even tried to buyout other shops of coffee near them. They would sometime sign leases for almost 3 times of the market price to make the landlords not rent it out to other sellers of coffee. Marie et al (2009) adds that Howard Schultz the chief executive officer earned a pay rise of 25% after a cost of $580 million slashed from the company in the year 2009. By analyzing the actions of Starbucks, it is unethical because the stores of small coffee give much to the people in the towns they are located compared to what Starbucks does. Majority of people love small coffee shops with reasonable coffee prices in their surrounding towns. On the other hand other people would be contented with Starbucks. However, Kachra (1997) explains that although you might love Starbucks, you would not like a coffee shop that has been in existence in your town for long being faced out of business. According to Schultz et al (2007) the small coffee shops found in most towns gives happiness to more people unlike Starbucks which overcharge their coffee. It is very unethical for a firm like Starbucks to overprice their products since they know they are alone in the market after displacing other businesses therefore people will lack other options. Moreover, they disregarded other small business by being selfish and negatively facing them off gaining all the clients and profits. Fellner (2008) observes th at the company did not value people but considered them as sources of profits. Their technique of expansion does not have goodwill and they are also not motivated rightfully. Simon (2009) observes that the company does not also comply with their set legislations. This is because Starbucks motto clearly elaborates they will treat their clients dignity and respect. However, no dignity or respect is shown to their clients or even the communities. According to Olsen (1994), Starbucks

ECPE Essay about single parrent families Essay Example for Free

ECPE Essay about single parrent families Essay The Family structure has changed significantly in the last fifty years. With higher percentages of marriage ending in divorce, and higher rates of childbearing out of wedlock, single parent families are increasing rapidly. Seventy percent of all the children will spend the all or part of their lives in a single-parent household. Studies have shown that the children of these families are affected dramatically, both negatively and positively. It is never a childs decision to only live with one parent. There are many ways that single-parent homes occur. Some of these ways include unplanned pregnancy, divorce, the decision to be a single parent by choice, and death of a spouse. In every case families are disputed greatly. Parents might experience depression, emotional problems etc. but the child is affected the most. It is ideal for a child to be living with both parents for many reasons that will affect the childs emotional development. Even if the parent living away from the child visits often it does not make up for times where the child might have needed the parent. Lack of parental involvement can harm the child in many ways. With less parental influence in single parent homes the children might experience difficulty in school. With a grasp of a healthy marriage of their parents, children might have problems later in life with holding a job and having strong healthy relationships themselves. Studies have shown that children coming from a disrupted family significantly increases a young adults risk of experiencing social, emotional or academic difficulties. Aside from all the negative things a child growing up in a single-parent family might face the child will become more independent and responsible at an earlier age. Being forced at an early age to have more household responsibilities helps children later in life to be mature and make decisions for his/herself. Learning skills early can be applied to them later in life. The children also have higher self-esteem, because they that they are capable of facing problems, and taking on tasks. They know that they cant rely on both parents to meet all their needs. Even though the ideal family is a dual family, children living in a single-parent home might face problems financially and economically which doesnt mean they can fare off as well rounded adults later in life. As long as there are the established kinds of basic support given to the child, we do not need to target mothers or fathers for the breakdown of society. Every type of family has faced problems. As long as we acknowledge parents struggle to fight for their best for the kids and accept that they are not perfect.

US Education Budget Cuts Analysis

US Education Budget Cuts Analysis Introduction/Background Every year in the United States, we have a budget that we must adhere by. This is called the United States Federal Budget, with this title it is the budget that is used to fund and oversee governmental operations in our country over a fiscal year. Another budget process that we must note come from the state and local budget process. Federal budgets and state budgets have similarities but they also have a major difference. The major idea that separates the two is a fiscal deficit, states budgets are required by law to make certain that their budgets are balanced, whereas the federal government is allowed to run a deficit and can also request to borrow money to meet the needs and efforts congress has put forth. No matter what level of government is being discussed, the budget is always an issue that never looses saliency because there is always an area that needs more money, whether it be healthcare, defense, public safety, or education. The federal budget has three areas that seem to aid the most when gaining revenue, these three include income tax, capital gains, and other taxes such as social security or excise taxes. The state and local budget seems to gain revenue in a wider variety of ways, some of these including but not limited to taxes such as sales, fuel, and property along with other fees such as licensing (drivers), and casino gambling. Citizens often question where the money the government is robbing them of is ending up when operations such as medicaid and public assistance seem to be lacking. Speaking in the area of state and local budgeting, an area that raises a large amount of speculation is our K-12 education system. Although we all seem to take primary and secondary education seriously, it often slides through the cracks. We as citizens and taxpayers know how important the education of the young people in our country is, however it is often the first institute to have budget cuts inflicted. It has been recorded that the nation and the state of Alabama specifically have been fighting the battle of saving the budget allocated for primary and secondary public education for years now. Some believe that schools have enough of the budget directed in areas of education while others feel as though the extreme cuts are only hurting our children and the education they are receiving. In Support of Educational Budget Cuts in the United States It is understood that there is a large quantity of money that goes toward education on all levels. Primary and secondary public education specifically are allocated millions of dollars to use to their disposal to better the learning and teaching environment at these schools. There are many factors that go into making the educational system successful. Bill Gates agrees that cutting the budget it does not have to have negative effects or be detrimental to education or students. He actually states that it could have positive outcomes for students and teachers to benefit from these cuts. In an article written by Kevin Freking titled, Bill Gates: Education Budget Cuts Don’t Have to Hurt Learning, Gates states â€Å"that schools can improve the performance of students if they put more emphasis on rewarding excellent teaching and less emphasis on paying teachers based on seniority and graduate degrees† (Freking 2011). Gates also feels that there are definite do’s and d on’t when it comes to attempting to close the $125 billion deficit that we face. On top of the do’s list, Gates feels as though if we were to â€Å"lift caps on class sizes and get more students in front of the very best teachers. Those teachers would get paid more with the savings generated from having fewer personnel overall (Freking 2011). Class size is a variable that always comes up in the discussion of quality K-12 education. This is often the only factor people discuss when in reality, it is also in big part to do with the quality of teachers that we have inside the classroom teaching our students. Another mistake that is often made is paying teachers based on advanced degrees they have achieved or the â€Å"veteran status† they have obtained (meaning years of experience). Instead we need to redirect our focus in the direction of under what teachers have students learned the most knowledge and how well they learned. Other statistics show that 38% of the state tax revenues fund education (25% K-12, 13% higher education). States are obviously one of the main funders of primary and secondary schools available. Inside of these schools, 50 million students are learning and gaining knowledge. Research conducted by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities states that, â€Å"One-fourth of state spending on average, or about $280 billion, goes toward public education. The federal government provides only about 10 percent of public school revenues† (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities 2015). Any citizen can read that number and think there must be a way to cut down on such intense government spending, the key is finding how do enhance the quality of teachers while also continuing to control the teacher to student ratio. Why Educational Budget Cuts Are a Bad Idea In Alabama alone, we have made a per-pupil cut of 17.8% since 2008. Madison Underwood writes in his article titled, Alabama’s cuts to K-12 education since 2008 are second highest in the nation, study finds Underwood claims, â€Å"When it comes to dollars spent per student, Alabama is spending $1,128 less per student in fiscal year 2015 than it was in 2008 thats the largest deficit in per-student spending in the nation, according to CBPP (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities)† (Underwood 2014). There have been multiple nonprofit organizations set up to help with the budget cuts because it is becoming an ongoing problem. The Alabama-based Arise Citizens Policy Project, a nonprofit with the goal of helping low income Alabamians that are suffering from the poor decisions of our state policy makers. This group of individuals feels as though the cuts that have been applied to education are not only hurting the schools but also impacting the economy presently and also in th e future. Teach For America is another nonprofit that has the goal of bringing in qualified teachers to low income communities that are in need of assistance. Underwood was able to speak to ACPP executive director, Kimble Forrister to find out that she feels â€Å"underfunding education today will leave our state with fewer highly skilled workers tomorrow. We cant strengthen Alabamas economy by eroding our foundation for economic growth† (Underwood 2014). Most states are facing cuts that are far worse then they were experiencing during the 2008 recession. Since many states did not have time to recuperate from the backlash of the recession, it has only made things much worse. Gabriel Thompson writes a compelling article titles A Thousand Cuts. In this article Thompson explains the challenges that have been brought to Navy Airbase, outside Lemoore, California through the budget cuts that have recently taken place. After reading this article, it goes back to letting students just slip between the cracks. These students have parents that are being deployed to fight for the country they live in but these men and women can’t even be certain that their children will be getting an adequate education because of the cuts the government are initiating at these schools. Thompson met with principle Heiko Sweeney of one of the schools in the district. In their meeting, Thompson asked what he thought would happen if the cuts became even more permanent and his answer was, â€Å" I wouldn’t even want to think what could happen, it would bedevastating. Cutting the teachers at Akers woould also result in a reduction in the number of adults available to help students deal with nonacademic challenges, such as the deployment of their parents. Some of these kids go through a lot of stress. When a parent is deployed, its not uncommon for a student to try to take over to many responsibilities at home to fill in as a missing parent to a younger brother or sister, it can start to be a lot on these children† (Thompson 2013). Michael Leachman and Chris Mai are the authors of Most States Funding Schools Less Than Before the Recession, put out by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. In this article they go into great detail about educational budget cuts prior to the recession and post-recession. The decline in state investment in educational systems has reason to cause a significant concern. While we are a nation focused on producing workers that are applicable to new technologies and skills necessary to do jobs having to do with the global economy, these budget cuts are only going to make it harder for citizens and children to gain the education they need to reach these levels. Restoring the funding made available to these schools should be extremely high on government officials list of priorities. Evaluation of the two sides: These arguments both have valid points and reasoning when defending why we should or should not be in favor of educational budget cuts. Supporting the cuts could force districts to find high quality teachers that aren’t paid based on how much school they have attended or years they have taught but more on how well their students learn and preform under their guidance. Another tactic that teachers are experimenting with is called â€Å"flipping classrooms†. In this practice, teachers flip time spent in the classroom and time for homework. What this means is that students are sent home with lectures from their teachers to learn and grasp a concept at home. When they return to school, they use the time that would have been spent on the lecture doing the homework together. This tightens the gap on the disconnect between the teachers and students that go home and don’t understand their homework, and also makes it easier for teachers to see what students are truly stru ggling and what students understand the concepts being taught.078 However, I do believe that the argument of not supporting the continuous cuts to our education reigns superior. City Schools alone were forced to cut $1.2 million from their budget just last year. This will not allow City Schools to purchase new textbooks for new students, nor will it allow them to replace textbooks that are out of date. The district is growing rapidly with High School projected to be the largest high school in the state of Alabama within the next ten years. With public school districts exploding with new students all over the country it is necessary that they are continued to be allocated with sufficient budgets to cover the public education of these children. Conclusion Having a stance in favor of the K-12 educational budget cuts is only hurting the future of our country. Although there is a large sum of money allocated in the direction of education in our country, it is forgotten just how important it is for the younger generations that will eventually be the young leaders of the free world. Public administrators need to make it their top priority to get these funds back on track. When these cuts happen at the state level, it means that the school districts then have to begin to figure out how they are going to raise more local tax revenue so that they don’t have to back track on the high quality educational services they are providing. Levy’s should be prepared for citizens of cities and towns to vote on these issues in their local elections to ensure that everyone is having a fair say in what money is or is not going into their local education system. The primary and secondary education in this country and considerably important, an d I know that we can all agree on that. References Flipping Classrooms. Phi Delta Kappan 93.4 (2011): 6-7. Web. Freking, Kevin. Bill Gates: Education Budget Cuts Dont Have To Hurt Learning. Huffington Post [Washington] 28 Feb. 2011: n. pag. Print. Hubbell, Annie. Auburn City Schools Cut $1.2 Million in 2014 Budget. Toledo News Now 17 Feb. 2014: n. pag. Print. Leachman, Michael, and Chris Mai. Most States Funding Schools Less Than Before the Recession. Center on Budget and Policy Priority (2014): n. pag. Ebscohost. Web. 19 May 2015. Policy Basics: Where Do Our State Tax Dollars Go. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (2015): n. pag. Ebscohost. Web. Thompson, Gabriel. A Thousand Cuts. The Nation 13 May 2013: 20-24. Print. Underwood, Madison. Alabamas Cuts to K-12 Education since 2008 Are Second Highest in the Nation, Study Finds. Al.com 16 Oct. 2014: n. pag. Print.

Advertisements Essay -- Essays Papers

Advertisements Advertisements are everywhere. Whether it is a magazine, billboard, television or radio, ads attempt to catch people’s eyes from all over. An advertisement uses many different aspects in order to entice its possible consumers. In a commercial for Thermasilk hair products, the product craved attention; therefore the advertiser used a popular song to hook the viewers. The ad continues on with its temptations to reel in consumers by expressing a well-known desire of many women: to have the perfect head of hair. Today, not many people are satisfied with what they have, therefore they strive for what they do not already obtain. The ad pledges to viewers that by using Thermasilk products, they must not just â€Å"Blow DRY† their hair, instead they should â€Å"Blow Beautiful.† The ad emphasizes that Thermasilk products will improve the hair’s beauty. Looking good in today’s world is an important aspect that includes hair in its approach to superior fashio n. The advertiser uses popular music and an appealing saying in order to interest women who want the hair they do not have. With style and emotional appeals, including the need for attention, for prominence and the need to achieve, this Thermasilk ad lures in viewers in the attempt to stimulate feelings in their minds. In â€Å"Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals,† by Jib Fowels, he relies on style to add to the emotional appeals that illustrate advertisements. The advertiser used a stylistic approach to increase the attention the ad receives. As a means to support his use of style along with emotional appeals, Fowels states, â€Å"[r]oughly fifteen percent of all advertisements incorporate a celebrity, almost always from the fields of entertainment or sports.† This other grouping of... ...and helps guide them towards their desired status. Fowels believes â€Å"[a]s time has gone by, buyers have become stoutly resistant to advertisements.† In order to surpass this skepticism of advertisements, it is an advertiser’s responsibility to renew that belief to increase the awareness of ads. This Thermasilk advertisement invokes feelings of recognition, importance and persistence in their viewers in order to captivate their audience. In attracting their audience, the ad also attempts to slip a memory of the advertisement into their minds and noticeably attracts people who are not completely satisfied with their looks and image. Works Cited: Fowels, Jib. â€Å"Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals.† Common Culture: Reading and Writing About American Pop Culture. Ed. Michael Petracca and Madeline Sorapure. 4th ed. New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 1993. 78-96.

Nurses with Addiction

Nursing is one of the most stressful careers in healthcare. Long hours of direct patient care take its toll emotionally and physically. While the profession is rewarding for most, the constant stress can become a catalyst for all kinds of self damaging behaviors. The American Nurses' Association estimates between ten and twenty percent of nurses will abuse drugs within the workplace at some point during his/her career (ANA, 2002). This percentage is similar to that of substance abusers within the general population. Due to the ease of access to narcotics on the job, it can be difficult to recognize a problem in the early stages. Only once the nurse’s activities have been suspected due to medication shortage or job performance problems can intervention be made. Professionals with addiction not only risk harming themselves and their career, but put their patients at an increased unnecessary risk of malpractice. Unfortunately in November 2009, four nurses in a local hospital were found to be stealing Morphine, Fentanyl, Dilaudid, and other narcotics during their shifts. All four nurses had been employed in various departments and were operating independently of each other. Each nurse was apprehended after being observed for strange behaviors and unauthorized Pixus medication station discrepancies. According to Dunn, psychiatric and oncology nurses have the highest likelihood for drug abuse due to the constant stress and emotional pressures associated with their careers (Dunn, 2005). The lowest instance of abuse occurs in Women’s Health and Pediatric nursing (NIH, 2003). It is unclear whether this rate is due to the nurse’s coping capabilities in such areas, or the lack of narcotics available on these types of care units. Aside from disobeying the loyalty of the workplace, these nurses have violated the Nursing Code of Ethics in relation to themselves, the hospital, and the patients. Within the Nursing Code of Ethics (ANA, 2001) nurses vow to: †¢Safeguard the client and the public when health care and safety are affected by the incompetent, unethical or illegal practice of any person. †¢Participate in the profession's effort to establish and maintain conditions of employment conducive to high quality nursing care. Maintain primary concern for the patient, whether an individual, family, group, or community Fortunately, there have been no reports thus far of malpractice or injuries with any of the patients under the direct care of these four individuals. Grave circumstances may have occurred if the situation had not been discovered promptly. When serious issues occur, Risk Management must work feverishly to investigate all the patient’s records to determine if any errors occurred regard ing their care. Risk Management also has the responsibility of investigating the claims against the nurses to prove or disprove validity. Only after the investigations are concluded can the Risk Management team work to repair the reputation of the hospital and its employees. As a result of this incident, workplace respect, reputation, and ethics have been violated at the expense of drug addiction. Nurses and other healthcare professionals have a responsibility to the patient’s and the workplace to uphold a standard of care that will not jeopardize the position of the hospital, its staff, the patients or the community. When serious issues occur, patients become judgmental of all providers and institutions. The profession and the organization’s reputation have suffered because of this incident. Being a healthcare provider myself, I do not understand how a nurse could not find any other coping mechanisms besides drug abuse. Although I am not a nurse, I deal with the same daily issues associated with direct patient care. As a professional, you are required to deal with situations outside of your beliefs and find avenues to vent your frustration, grief and stress without harming the patients, yourself, or the relationship between the two. I have not come across any colleagues that take a different ethical viewpoint than me regarding this situation. We all know that stealing medications from patients for personal use is wrong professional ly, personally and legally. Perhaps our lack of understanding is due to the inability to relate to those with drug addiction. All coworkers within an organization need to be educated to recognize potential issues of narcotic abuse within the workplace. Since healthcare professionals are able to hide some signs of abuse such as work absences, it may be more difficult to recognize a problem in the early stages. Some physical signs to be aware of include: irritability, forgetfulness, isolation, and decreased levels of motivation. Issues in personal life may also increase the chances of drug abuse, such as: stress, family problems, a previous history of mental illness, and a history of prior abuse (any type). Potential issues must be reported to the Nurse Manager as soon as possible. In order for the organization to protect the safety of its personnel and patients, ethical standards of practice must been routinely stressed within the workplace. Many institutions conduct annual competencies, in-services, and /or reviews to ensure employee commitment to maintaining and promoting an ethical work environment. Conclusion Drug abuse among workers will occur in any organization despite all efforts taken by coworkers, management and the organization as a whole. Drug abuse becomes a severe ethical issue once the life of another human being is jeopardized. Those in the healthcare field have a responsibility to maintain a standard of care to patients regardless of any personal issues occurring in his/her own life. When drug abuse occurs in a hospital setting, the potential for disaster increases dramatically. Not only is the safety of patients and coworkers compromised, so is the reputation of the hospital and the profession. All healthcare employees must be monitored by their employer to ensure workplace drug abuse is prevented, detected and extinguished before irreversible damage occurs. References: American Nurses Association (2001). Code of ethics for nurses. Retrieved from http://www. nursingworld. org/about/01action. htm. on December 11,2009. Dunn, D. (2005). Substance abuse among Nurses-defining the issue. Association of operating room nurses. (82) 592-596. Retrieved from Proquest December 10, 2009. National Institute of Health (2003). Retrieved from www. drugabuse. gov/infofacts/costs. html on December 10, 2009.