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Essay on The Challanges Faced by the Coca-Cola Company

The Coca-Cola Company distributing the Coca-Cola product has faced many macroeconomic variables that indicate trends in the economy. A reduction in consumer confidence in the United States, resulting in lower product sales, has been offset by rising sales in overseas markets. Coca-Cola has combated problems such as unemployment, global warming, and rising interest rates. The Coca-Cola Company looks to new programs to encourage employment, additional ways to provide water for their product, and good management to maintain a healthy credit rating. Impact of Economic Variables on the Coca-Cola Product With an American economy that often tethers on the brink of recession, a study of the variables that affect supply and demand of the†¦show more content†¦It is believed that unemployment of our youth can threaten the overall global economy. Kent feels by reducing that number of 75 million by 1%, it could boost the economy by $75 billion and challenges other business to reach out to the future – our youth (Moye, 2014). Coca-Cola is committed to addressing the problem of unemployment of younger workers by starting a program call Global Shapers that can help with education and employment of the youth in hopes of stabilizing the economy. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) â€Å"The gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the primary indicators used to gauge the health of a country’s economy† (What is gdp, n.d.). It is the monetary value of goods and services (â€Å"What is gdp,† n.d.). The value can be determined by adding what everyone earned or what everyone spent (â€Å"What is gdp,† n.d.). Global droughts have put a damper on Coca-Cola in the past decade (Davenport, 2014). They have caused a shortage of water, which is needed in the production of soda (Davenport, 2014). This has had a negative effect on Coke’s balance sheet (Davenport, 2014). Due to the increasing negative effect, â€Å"the company has embraced the idea of climate change as an economically disruptive force† (Davenport, 2014). Global warming is being cited as being a contributing factor to GDP. â€Å"Coca-Cola reflects a growing view among American business leaders and mainstream economists who see global

Drugs and athletes Essay Example For Students

Drugs and athletes Essay In many schools athletes are required to sign a contract in order to play sports. The contracts include of many rules and regulations that prohibit activities that will jeopardize the athletes performance. The use of drugs and alcohol are strictly forbidden. Vandalism and other actions that would result in any type of illegal happenings is also banned. The main problem with the contracts is that the students dont always obey them. Many athletes will still go out and party and drink and smoke and get into other activities that will harm their minds and bodies. Stimulants are drugs that stimulate the central nervous system and produce an increase in alertness and activity. They include caffeine, cocaine, and the amphetamines. The amphetamines are composed of three closely related drugs that stimulate the central nervous system and promote a feeling of alertness and an increase in speech and general physical activity. Some people take these drugs under medical supervision to control their appetite, but many of these drugs are used at parties to get high. Overuse and abuse have been associated with all of the stimulant drugs, but risks are the greatest with the amphetamines and cocaine. Narcotics are drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep. Narcotics include opium and drugs derived from opium, such as morphine, codeine, and heroin. Narcotics also include certain synthetic chemicals that have a morphine-like action, such as methadone. Most of these drugs will leave a lasting effect for more then one day. Like a hangover from alcohol, th ese drugs will make you extremely tired or even sick the next day. Drugs are prohibited by athletic departments because they alter your performance. If an athlete uses one of these drugs they can have lasting effect on them sometime during a game or at practice. All drugs are illegal, and by athletes using them they set a bad example. Many younger students look up to the star athletes in a school and if they use drugs that is not a good impression to make. Schools do have punishments for athletes caught violating the contract but most of the time they arent harsh enough. Drugs are a very serious problem in all students lives, but if athletes use them they can have a even worse effect. They could even jeopardize possible scholarships that an athlete could achieve. Drugs in any shape or form have soo much of a seriouseffect of the body that noone should even want to do them and if they do theyre only wasting their own lives away. Bibliography:

Management of Academic Form free essay sample

The academic grade of a student is a scale which determines students who need more improvement and require more assistance which will help teachers in guiding them towards their development. It also shows where students excel most so they can be honed and encouraged to continue their good work, improve more, and aim higher. Form137 is an academic form that contains grades of the student from 1st year to 4th year; this will be the reference for the judgment of whether a student can step up to a higher level of learning or remain to be polished. From these reasons, it is clearly concluded how important it is to make sure that the grades of the students are accurately calculated and safely stored in a well-founded database. Knowing grades especially at the end of the semester is the most awaited and most important part of individual student because it’s a way of measuring he’s/her performance whether he or she passes the subject or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Management of Academic Form or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unfortunately, the most common problem encountered by these students is the delay in releasing their grades and their form 137. Of course, there are many factors affecting the delay of releasing their grades. First, this is due to the manual procedure in releasing the grades of the students to the registrar. Secondly, grading system is present but it is designed locally and lastly, Teachers are not uploading their grades to the registrar on time. Remember that we in the era of high technology that are mandated to improve efficiency in the delivery of services to our clientele. It is the obligation of the school or university to release the grades of the students immediately by using a computerized system that is why the researcher came up with the idea to develop a system entitled â€Å"E-Form 137 Management Information System of Isulan National High School†. Objectives of the Study This study aims to develop E-Form 137 Management System of Isulan National High School. Specifically, this study aims; 1. Provide a system that can manage student’s information. 2. Provide a system that can manage academic grades of students from 1st year to 4th year. 3. Generate report such as; a. Student’s Form 137 b. Student’s List 4. Evaluate the system by its; a. Functionality b. Effectiveness c. Accuracy Conceptual Framework of the Study The figure 1 above shows the conceptual framework of the study The figure above shows the conceptual framework of the study through Input, Process, and Output presentation. The input shows the basic manual requirements for developing the system. In the manual requirements the researcher must have the knowledge in the following areas in order to understand the problem and also be able to determine the problem or improve conditions. The process shows the pace of activities and procedure in order to develop the output which is the proposed project entitled â€Å"E-FORM 137 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF ISULAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL†. Afterwards, the output, the main functionality of the program has been done and a percent of the program has been finished its time for testing and if there were no problem that is foreseen it’s time to implement. Significance of the Study The proposed system is very helpful to the registrar office In-charge personnel. The aim of this project is to provide a quick processing of the student’s grades to produce academic form-137. It is to ensure that all student grades have been added to a certain database. This study is designed to achieve affectivity in collecting and retrieving of students’ form-137 records. Since the registrar’s office at Isulan National High School has not yet established a computerized system. Scope and Limitation The study will focus on creating a computerized system for managing student’s grades to easily produce academic form-137 and quick process of transactions in the office of the registrar of Isulan National High School. The proposed system major software requirements are; programming language of Visual Basic 6. 0 SP6 and MS Access as the backend of the system, a system unit with operating system for Windows XP. Operational Definition of Terms Accuracy (description) Clients An application or system that accesses a remote service on another computer system. Computer It is computing device that performs mathematical and logical calculations, processes, retrieves and store programmed information. Database A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one view, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images. Effectiveness the quality of being able to bring about an effect and also the capacity to produce strong physiological effects E-Form 137 form contains the grades of the students from first year to forth year high school. Functionality Capable of serving a purpose well Grades A body of students who are taught together Manage Handle effectively and to achieve something by means of trickery or devious methods Organize Arrange by systematic planning and united effort Student A learner who is enrolled in an educational institution System It is an organized set of related components established to accomplish a certain task System Design It is the process of developing a plan for an improved system, based on the result of the system. System Analysis It refers to the process of studying an existing system to determine how it works and how it meets user needs. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES School Management System Fed up with struggling with a system, which seems to add to your workload, which doesnt work the way your school does? Do you want a scalable computerized system with plenty of timesaving features that help to get jobs done accurately and quickly? Do you want professional-looking reports and correspondence? Then look at School Management System. The appearance of your student records says a lot about the quality of your school. Other educators and registrars make judgments based on student records that can permanently affect a students life. SMS capabilities include the basics such as transcripts, report cards, attendance, and discipline as well as many other specialized capabilities, including parental access to real time student grades on the Internet. This means that not only administrators but also parents, teachers, and students have access to real-time data. With traditional reporting methods parents may not find out how their student is performing in school until the end of the quarter or semester usually too late to correct a problem situation. SMS allows parents to know how their student is doing on a continual basis by using the internet. SMS can even send electronic progress reports to parents via email on a weekly, monthly, or even daily basis. You operate a quality program—NOW you can be sure your records communicate that quality. Here realizes the need for an effective school management system and that is exactly what we are striving for! The School Management System (SMS) will replace the paper-based data collection and information exchange system among the various departments of a particular school. The School Management System provides an innovative solution for Today’s school record-keeping challenges. This school management software will give you room to handle your responsibilities whether you’re just starting or are an experienced professional. (http://www. papercamp. com/essays/SchoolManagement-System-973638. html) Computerized Grading System of Romblon State University Cajidiocan Campus Grading System is designed to provide incentive reward for achievement and assist in identifying problems of the student. Grading System is the most commonly used in computing and analyzing the performance, talent and skills of students? It is the important record to keep even for the longest time for the referral and credentials of the student to enter their next level of attaining their goals. It is the tract record that recognizes of one student, this maybe use for analyzing of your attitude and values. Based on the research the school of Romblon State University Cajidiocan Campus is using a manual computation of grades of each student, which is the traditional use when technology is not yet developed. Manual computation is very prompt to risk for any circumstances. It is time consuming in terms of recording grades, computation using of calculator. If some records are lost, they never retrieve it in case of unexpected calamity. Accuracy and security is not been so defined. 1. The computerized grading system is more significance than the manual as follows: 2. No using of paper and pencil. 3. Rush hour submission of grades. 4. A slow process of retrieving and releasing of records. 5. All the results from the gathered by teacher from the students grades has capable to enter efficiency and has a friendly used. 6. The teacher will lessen their time and effort for computing of grades. (http://www. studymode. com/essays/Thesis-Computerized-Grading-System-644114. html) Quality Management System Quality is a word which has been used for a very long time, lots of books have been written about it, and many of the world scientists have defined it in many different ways. In this research paper, I will emphasis on the Quality Management System, why is it important? What is it used for? What is the importance of having a Quality Management System? Many people think implementing QMS costs a lot and all the benefit is a piece of a paper which say that your company is certified in having QMS so you can only hang this picture or certificate on the wall and tell your smart customer that you have it. In fact, no blames on them, they have not used this system yet, they do not know that this system save a lot and a lot of money for companies. They do not know that this system create a dynamic motion within the companies so everyone know what he/she is doing, everybody understands his/her role, and everyone can feel being an important part of the process then everybody can work towards a clear and unified target. However, having a lot of benefits requires a reasonable cost and in the same time it worth. There are several organizations which are concerned and involved in this issue, those organizations have produced unified standards and those standards have its requirements. The International Standardization Organization which located in Switzerland which has a contribution of 157 countries has produced a standard which is concerned about the QMS. It is known as ISO 9000 family and the ISO 9001 is the one which is concerned about the requirement of the QMS. Of course, that creates the needs for understanding these standards in order to get the certificate from the organization which is authorized by the ISO. That also creates the need for the training which is very important for companies to implement the QMS. The standards have been developed the course of the quality history from needing a quality control to a quality assurance. http://www. studymode. com/essays/Quality-Management-System-136860. html New Grading System and Academic Performance of Third Year Nursing Students of Naga College Foundation The study aims to create understanding of the relationship between the New Grading System to Students Academic Performance. The study will addressed whether the New grading System affects the Academic Performance of the Student. It will show how the New Grading System trigger the Students to study harder. This may change their study habits. And this study may show if the students with the New Grading System levels up the standard of their performance to become a board passer even a topnotch. The Respondent of the study will be centered from student of Nursing Health Science Department of Naga College Foundation who undergo with the new and old grading system. Other data will come to the past and present records of academic performance of the students. This part of the study is important data needed to fulfill the objectives of this study which will be only be supplied with the Nursing Students who undergo with the said grading systems. Grading system enable student achievement to be recognized formally and communicated meaningfully beyond the institution while maintaining an atmosphere in which a spirit of inquiry, personal challenge, and commitment to excellence can flourish. Academic performance generally refers to how well a student is accomplishing his or her tasks and studies. It will be a tool to determine whether the student performs well in the academically. As a sample; almost one half of the class of Nursing Student, level three, Block B failed in major subjects since New Grading System was implemented. This study will show how the different factors might bring them failed, if it is because of the new grading system or its just in their study habit. (http://www. studymode. com/essays/New-Grading-System-And-Academic-Performance-585586. html) Assessment of Registrars Office Education has been a vital role in a person’s development. As an institution of higher learning, University of Cebu is committed to an authentic education that is founded on the principles of humanity, nationalism and academic excellence. It provides students different opportunities to attain success. Various institutions offer different kinds of services from high class teachers, good teaching methodology, down to hard working janitor. These institutions have different styles and standards. Each has its own individuality and appeal to the people. Furthermore, among their many differences would be in how they manage and provide their clientele with value added transactions through positive customer service interactions. The customer’s expectation is to feel important and assisted during the interactions that ultimately lead to their desired end result. Registrar’s office of UCLM is one of the departments of the university who provide services to the students, parents, and inquirer who needs information. Students, whether they like it or not, can always experience how registrar’s offices provide services. Grade information, students 201 file, TOR, evaluation and adjustment of subjects, changing of grades and correction of name, preparing study loads, giving of diploma, and enrollment verification are some of the services that registrars’ office can provide. This research study assesses the customer satisfaction of students’ services of registrars’ office because some problems regarding the registrars’ services has been observed. One of the researcher experienced bad interaction of registrar personnel that includes the working scholar assigned. She processed her correction of name. She went to registrars’ office for an update that it came to the point that she visited the registrar five times for a follow up of her correction of name. (http://www. studymode. com/essays/Assessment-Of-Registrars-Office-526763. html) San Isidro Elementary School Computerized Grading System (Sies-Cgs) Researches in learning assessment, especially in terms of academic performance, have long criticized traditional rating schemes that provide feedback to students. Because learning is multi-faceted, most critiques of such formats tend to see these as superficial and inadequate arguing that they tend to cover only the areas in learning that are widely rated, leaving other areas in learning under-assessed. As a result, different systems were proposed and varying rating structures were employed by different schools in the country such as point system averaging and weighted averaging. This school year, the Department of Education (DepEd) will be using a new grading system in public elementary and high schools in connection to the implementation of K to 12 BEC (Basic Education Curriculum) program. The traditional numerical values in report cards will be replaced by letter-scheme grading system, with â€Å"A† (abbreviated â€Å"Advanced† level of proficiency) as the highest grade and â€Å"B† (short for â€Å"Beginning†) as the lowest. In the event that this format will be fully implemented in the target school, which in this proposal will be San Isidro Elementary School, the workload of the teachers will be increased because they will have to compute for the numeric equivalent of each letter grades. The proponents of this proposal wish to reduce their workload by eliminating the need for manual computation and recording of each grade. The common problems encountered in manual recording and computations are error- and file-handling, and redundancy. As the workload gradually increases with growing amounts of grades and student lists that need to be attended, it becomes tedious on the part of the teacher to proficiently manage them in time for documentation and file submission to higher education authorities. As such, this paper aims to produce a workable computerized grading system that will address these issues. (http://www. studymode. com/essays/San-Isidro-Elementary-School-Computerized-Gr ading-1099105. html? topic) Chapter III Methodology This chapter presents the methods that the researcher will undertake to conduct the study with the system of development life cycle as basis. Project Development Materials Processor Intel Pentium II H61m-DS2 R3/P8H61-m LX3 R2. 0 Memory 4GB DDR3 Hard Disk 500GB HDD Power Supply ATX Casing w/ Power Supply 600W Monitor 15. 6 LED Monitor KB, Mouse, Mouse Pad, AVR Printer Table 1: Minimum Hardware Requirements Programming Language used Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Database Application MS SQL 2008 Operating System Windows XP/7 Table 2: Minimum Software Requirements Methods to be used in Developing the System System Development Life Cycle is developing to ensure satisfaction of the requirements among existing computerized system. It is a methodology construction to make sure that the design system follows logical approach and technical ways. The figure below shows the five phases of System Development Life Cycle used in developing the proposed system. Sets of related activities are organized into phases: (1) Planning phase (2) Analysis phase (3) Design phase (4) Implementation phase (5) Support phase A. Planning Phase In this phase the researcher will provide a letter of permission to the head of the school wherein the study will be conducted as an initial step. A received copy will then be given back to the adviser as a proof of permission from the administration office. Initial details about the project will then be discussed with the school principal or the assigned personnel. The researchers will come up with a specific plan to follow during the course line of the study In this phase the researchers recognized and identified the problem arising in the construction of the proposed system entitled â€Å"E-Form 137 Management System of Isulan National High School. † The purpose of this phase is to determine the feasibility of the study. B. Analysis Phase The researchers will discuss the system requirements as the analytical in this step through interview, observation, library research and Internet research. Through interview, the researcher were able to identify the problems encountered in the manual system through observation method, the researchers learned and understand to process flow of the present system and able to determine the necessary improvement of the school procedures. The library method was also used to make the researchers understand better and wider about the study. In the analysis stage, the researchers came up with the flow of the present system from which the description of the proposed system was based. The researchers in this phase came up with the cost benefit analysis that describes such plan to acquire any hardware and system needed to build or operate the proposed system. C. Design Phase The next stage is the design, wherein the researchers came up with the design output of the proposed project entitled â€Å"E-Form 137 Management System of Isulan National High School†. In this phase, the researcher will be using the following tools: Context Diagram Data Flow Diagram File Structure Database Structure D. Implementation Phase In this phase, the researcher will implement the specifically to the Registrar’s Office of Isulan National High School with the identified training of the system user as follows. How to run the system How to register on the system How to login using valid username and password How to use the features of the system The results determine and will be observed by running the system in a long period of time. E. Support Phase Primary objective is to keep the system running after its installation The support phase includes two activities: Provide support to end users Maintain and enhance the computer system Budgetary Requirements No. Qty Item Description Unit Cost (Php) Total Cost (Php) A. Hardware 1 1 unit Printer (Canon) Php 1,200. 00 Php 1, 200. 00 B. Software 2 1 pckg. MS Visual Studio 2008 MS SQL 2008 Operating System Php 3,000. 00 Php 3,000. 00 C. Supplies and Materials 3 3 Reams Long couponed bond (substance 20) Php 156. 75 Php 486 . 50 Contingency (10% of the Grand Total) Grand Total Php 4, 199. 85 Table 3. Budgetary Requirements EVALUATION METHODOLOGY Evaluation of any system is crucial part in its development. This will determine if the system works properly, meets the objectives and satisfies the users. Methods of Research This study uses the descriptive method of research to evaluate the system’s functionality, effectiveness in attaining its objectives, accuracy in delivering the outputs on the system Respondents of the Study The respondents of the study are selected Faculty, Staff and Students of Isulan National High School. The numbers of respondents are determined using the following formula. Sloven’s Formula: n = N 1+ Ne2 Where n = number of respondents N = total number of population/users e = margin of error (usually equal to 5% or 0. 05) Data Gathering Procedures and Statistical Tools This study uses a checklist and a rating scale questionnaire to gather the needed data and responses to evaluate the system. The checklist used to evaluate the functionality contains a list of all the buttons, links, forms, and dials, pages etc. included in the system, and for effectiveness, contains the list of all system objectives and deliverables that the

Accounting Problem Maynard Case (B) Essay Example

Accounting Problem: Maynard Case (B) Essay Statement of the Problem Case 3-1 Maynard Company (B) Diane Maynard was grateful for the balance sheets that her friend prepared. In going over the numbers, she remarked, â€Å"It’s sort of surprising that cash increased by $31,667, but net income was only $19,635. Why was that? † Her friend replied, â€Å"A partial answer to that questionis to look at an income statement for June. I think I can find the data I need to prepare on for you. † In addition to the data given in the (A) case, her friend found a record of cash receipts and disbursements, which is summarized in Exhibit 1. She also learned that all accounts payable were to vendors for purchase of merchandise inventory and that cost of sales was $39,345 in June. Questions: 1. Prepare an income statement for June in proper format. Explain the derivation of each item on this statement, including cost of sales. 2. Explain why the change in the cash balance was greater then the net income. 3. Explain why the following amounts are incorrect cost of sales amounts for June: (a) $14,715 and (b) $36,030. Under what circumstances would these amounts be correct cost of sales Given 1. Cost of Sales = $39,345 2. June 1 Balance Sheet [pic] 3. June 30 Balance Sheet [pic] 4. Cash Receipts and Disbursements for the month of June [pic] Solution Question 1. Prepare an income statement for June in proper format. Explain the derivation of each item on this statement, including cost of sales. a) Income Statement: [pic] b) Derivations i. Sales revenue: [pic] ii. Cost of sales: [pic] iii. Operating expenses: [pic] iv. Provision for income tax: [pic] Question 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Problem: Maynard Case (B) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Problem: Maynard Case (B) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Problem: Maynard Case (B) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Explain why the change in the cash balance was greater than the net income. [pic] Change in cash balance was greater than the net income because the company received cash payments (for their sales, receivables and bank loan) more than they paid in cash their payables/liabilities (difference = 31,677): [pic] -Also, looking at the change in non-cash assets vs. the change in liabilities for the month: Change in non-cash assets lt; the change in liabilities, with a difference of $23,742 Question 3. Explain why the following amounts are incorrect cost of sales amounts for June, and under what circumstances would these amounts be correct cost of sales amounts: a) $14,715 $14,715 is the cash purchase of merchandise. This is incorrect because this is only a part of the total merchandise acquired and consumed within the accounting period. Inventory at the start and end of the month must be considered. Also, merchandise purchases even not yet paid must also be considered. This will be correct cost of sales amounts if ) the company has no merchandise inventory at the start of the period b) all purchases of merchandise were paid in cash within the period c) there is no inventory at the end of the period. b) $36,030 $36,030 is the total purchase of merchandise within the period of June. This is incorrect because there is beginning inventory and month-end inventory. This will be correct cost of sales amounts if a) the company has no inventory at the start of the period b) there is no inventory at the end of the period

Leadership theory and practice

Leadership theory and practice Leadership is a social influence process in which a person supports and aids a group of people to accomplish or achieve a common task and goal (Northouse, 2004). Effective leadership is essential in every organization for any task or goal to be successfully achieved.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership theory and practice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main function of a leader in every organization is to work towards cohesiveness and unity to see that all the members of the organisation go through an experience that is satisfactory. According to Killan, leadership involves making decisions, achieving results, rendering services, willingness to be different and finally lead others by providing sufficient motivation and understanding which will lead to accomplishment of set tasks and goals (Killan 1952). Personality traits and managerial skills are necessary for any leader to be equipped with for him/her to be able to achieve successful performance in all the tasks he undertakes. A good leader should possess technical skills which he can use to refer to understanding and proficiency of certain kind of activities which involve processing, techniques and procedure. Technical skills enable leaders to be more concerned with how to deal with things and situations. Human skills which include the potentials possessed by the leader which involve his ability to cooperate and work with other people, those whom he manages. Conceptual skill is the ability of the leader to visualize the entire organization (Northouse, 2004). This skill normally enables the leader to recognize and perceive interrelationships of different factors which involve operations carried out within the entire organization. It also involves ability to solve problems of an organization. John Buford who was the Commander of Union Calvary possessed technical skills which enabled him to save the union. He managed to hold back American’s enemy for a long period which saved the favoured union position on the first day. Buford managed to involve his ability and skills to cooperate and work with the military to save Union Calvary from the enemy’s hands.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leadership concepts strongly relate to power. Socialist such as Weber classified power into three different forms which include tradition, charisma and legal power (Weber 1947). Power can also be categorized into personal power and position power. However, the most widely recognized bases of power in many organizations include coercive, reward, referent and legitimate power. Position power is usually regarded as power that dwells on position regardless of the person holding it. Coercive, reward, referent and legitimate power normally result in position power (Phillips1996). One can say that posi tion power resembles authority. A leader who possesses position power has control over all the activities that take place within the organization; he directs and controls all the activities that take place within the organization. This kind of leader also has a strong say in disciplining and punishing the workers. However, leaders with position power are also limited in some ways. They cannot control or give order on those activities that are not within the organization. On the other hand, personal power is that power that is within an individual regardless of the position he/she holds in the company. Personal power can be related to coerciveness, reward, charisma and expert. A person who possesses personal power has the ability to inspire greater dedication and loyalty among the followers. This strong influence usually comes from the fact that there is a necessity which the followers have to respond to more readily than appeals and requests (Yukl 2009). However, one of the limitati ons of personal power is that the followers can either choose to freely accept or decline the orders of the leader. There are various leadership theories that have been developed, some of which include trait approach theory, behavioural theories, situational theories and transformational theories. Trait theory is set to find characters that are shared by most leaders (Northhouse 2004). This theory tends to find out what makes certain leaders great. It mainly identifies the innate characters and traits possessed by great political, military and social leaders. There are some traits that differentiate leaders from their followers. Such traits include sense of direction and purpose, friendliness, enthusiasm, integrity, decisiveness, faith, intelligence and action (Tead1938).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership theory and practice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More General Robert E. Lee possessed trait theory and that is why he is considered to be a true legend in America. He had a sense of direction and purpose; he was faithful, intelligent and friendly. Behavioural theory on the other hand concentrates more on the observed behaviours of leaders. This approach mainly considers the manners and the way in which most leaders behave based on subordinates view on the task and relationship the two have. Task behaviours mainly involve goal accomplishment; the ability that leaders have to achieve the set objectives; the leader’s ability to influence the subordinates. Situational theory concentrates on the impact that leadership and followers roles, behaviour and skills have on satisfaction and performance. It mainly emphasizes on environment and behaviour; the leaders are responsible for training subordinates to adopt leadership styles and behaviours in various situations. Organizations such as governmental, business, educational and military greatly demand different types of leadership. Lea ders should adopt the styles of leadership he possesses to solve different situations that demands his attention. Lastly, transformational leadership emphasizes on change and transformation of individuals. General Lee had great confidence in his commanders and left them in the field with orders to follow. Situational theory entails ability of a leader to use his ability to implement and develop a clear vision for the organization. It also involves the ability of workers to perform as self-leaders what is termed as super leadership- â€Å"leading other people to lead themselves. These kinds of leaders are described as heroic or charismatic (Phillips1996). Transformational leadership is also concerned with ethical standards, long term goals and organizational goals. Transformational leaders do have a dynamic vision and personal attraction which normally brings total change in the organization. Leaders are able to motivate, satisfy the needs of the employees and treat them fairly as h umans. General James Longstreet did not manage to perform as self-leader and that means that he did not possess any strong personality as a leader. Longstreet failed to follow Lee’s orders instead he chose to follow his own commands and that made them fail.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gettysburg is an American film on war which tells of how the Union and Confederate armies tried to fight back to take control of America. Gettysburg was the largest Civil War that involved casualties and combatants. It represented Americans Confederacy best in winning their independence back. However, the full details of Gettysburg war are only known by few historians. This movie achieved good balance in filmmaking and also provision of historical knowledge. The film also captured handful of key concepts not only in battle but also leadership concepts as depicted by three characters: General Robert Lee, General James Longstreet and Lt. Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain. General Robert E. Lee who was the Commander of Army of Northern Virginia was the best and most loved military leader America has ever had; he is considered as a true legend. Lee had unrealistic infallibility and this was seen after the war when some southern historians decided to adopt Lee’s theory which was known as lost cause (Maxwell 2006). This failure was either due to subordinates failure or impossible circumstances. General James Longstreet who was Lee’s favourite and valued Corp Commander was highly blamed for the failure. The story depicts the tension that the two had and which probably led to Gettysburg. Longstreet did not agree with Lee’s strategy during the war at Gettysburg; he failed to execute Lee’s orders in time and in effective manner. He is described in the movie as futile. However, the movie overplayed futility in Longstreet which means that they supported his detractors. Nevertheless, other subordinates were also to blame for the failure since they made lots of mistakes. Lee however took the responsibility for all the failures of the war which brought out the greatness in him. He decided to become accountable for all the loses which made him a great leader. Lt. Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain the commander of Union’s 20th Maine Volunteer Infantr y Regiment used his position power and personal power to defend against the hazards of the war. He fought to death to ensure that the regiment became the flank of the whole Union Army by rushing it to the top and on time. When Chamberlain and his troop reached the battle field, they discovered that the left side of their union line had made a mistake by moving forward leaving space (Maxwell 2006). This position was crucial and tactical which left some parts unoccupied putting them at a great risk of losing the war. However, he used his technical skills to rearrange the team. The militants also followed Chamberlain’s orders and made everything become possible by giving their all even if it meant dying for the sake of gaining freedom for America. This depicted transformational leadership in the story which emphasized on change and transformation of individuals. It entails ability of a leader to use his ability to implement and develop a clear vision for the organization. Chambe rlain employed the tactics known as refusing flank. He refused to bend the line back to form a right angle to prevent outflank. Despite the fact that Chamberlain was overcome by fatigue, he ordered pinwheel pivot bayonet counter to be charged since there was no other option, the ammunition had to be kept running. He had dynamic vision and personal attraction which enabled him to win. Chamberlain is depicted in the movie as a charismatic leader and a real hero as he led his troop into extraordinary actions. In conclusion, Gettysburg not only provides historical knowledge and filmmaking, it also presents leadership concepts and theories which are well evident in some of the great leaders such as Lee and Chamberlain in the movie. Gettysburg leaves the viewer’s think about their own teamwork, leadership and decision making since the three great leaders in the movie presented heroism in leadership. References Killan, M. (1952). The Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Northouse, G. (2004). Leadership theory and practice. London: Sage Publications, Inc. Maxwell, F. (2006). Gettsburg. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Routledge. Phillips, D. (1996). Lincoln on Leadership; Executive Strategies for Tough Times. New York: Warner Books, Inc. Tead, K. (1938).Organization Behaviour: Human Behaviour at Work. New York: McGraw-Hill. Yukl, G. (2009). Leadership in organizations 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Weber, M. (1947).Organizational Behaviour and Management. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Response #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response #2 - Essay Example When generating a response to this article one must realize the assumption that Americanization has realty increased the commercial industry in the country. In an argument by Outhwaite Americanization defines the true commercial industry in the United States (41). The author further argues that Americanization is responsible for the growth of industries in the United States and around the world that have experienced Americanization (Outhwaite 41). In support to the article, Americanization has now found its roots across the globe as nations like china experienced commercial battles for American industry. Additionally, it is an obvious assumption that major business entities with great histories have their origin in the United States. This is due to the fact that Americanization quickly became an international vice after full dominance of the America market. Outhwaite also argues that it took a less significant time for Americanization to fully dominate the Americas (78). In the article on nationalism, the author fails to identify the true definition of the term. This is because they believe in more than just one definition from a historical point of view. Methodological Nationalism in America dates back to the historical approaches of nationalism. Outhwaite argues that one cannot define nationalism in the United States without considering the fact that the historical definition has a significant weight in defining the term (102). The article however, disregards the argument and focuses on the argument on whether methodological nationalism united or divides the United States. Additionally, the author focuses on the ability of the modern American citizen and government to appreciate the historical approaches to nationalism (Outhwaite 102). In creating a response to the article, one must recognize the fact the article does not provide a true definition of methodological nationalism. The